Youth Water Polo Performance Determinants: The INEX Study

• Published in: International journal of environmental research and public health Vol. 19; no. 9; p. 4938
• Main Authors: Noronha, Francisco, Canossa, Sofia, Vilas-Boas, João P, Afonso, José, Castro, Flávio, Fernandes, Ricardo J
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: Switzerland MDPI AG 19.04.2022; MDPI
• Subjects: Accuracy; Age; Anthropometry; Arm; Body mass; Body measurements; Exercise; Fat-free body mass; Jumping; Medical research; Physical fitness; Physiology; Players; Skills; Variance; Variance analysis; Velocity; Water polo; United States > US; Japan; development; water polo; motor performance; age group; anthropometry
• ISSN: 1660-4601; 1661-7827; 1660-4601
• DOI: 10.3390/ijerph19094938

Due to the growing engagement of youth in water polo practice, we aimed to characterize age-grouped players across anthropometric, general and specific motor abilities and contextual domains. We have also examined the associations of players' specific skills with their anthropometric and general motor characteristics. One-hundred-and-one male water polo players, grouped into 12-, 13- and 14-year age cohorts were recruited. One-way ANOVA explained age-cohort variance, and a multiple linear regression was used to assess the association between variables. The variance in cohorts was explained by arm span (25%), stature, hand breadth and length (17%) fat-free mass (18%), 20 m sprint (16%), sit-ups (18%), medicine ball throw (27%), anaerobic (31%) and aerobic performance (21%), change of direction (18%), and in-water vertical jump (14%). The variance of in-water vertical jump, 10 m sprint, change of direction and aerobic fitness for players' anthropometric characteristics were, 32, 25, 14 and 10% (respectively). The players' upper-limb explosive power explained 30, 22 and 17% of variance for in-water vertical jump, 10 m sprint and aerobic fitness, respectively. Body mass had an inverse, and arm span had a direct association with in-water vertical jump and swim velocity capability, arm span had an inverse and direct association with change of direction and aerobic fitness, respectively. The upper limbs' explosive power related directly to in-water vertical jump and aerobic fitness skills, but inversely with 10 m sprint scores.