Facial Treatment with 3-O-Cetyl Ascorbic Acid for Improvement of Skin Texture: Uptake, Effectiveness, and In Vitro Carcinogenicity Assessment

• Published in: Cosmetics (Basel) Vol. 8; no. 2; p. 38
• Main Authors: Doi, Natsumi, Yamada, Yoshifumi, Toyoshima, Misaki, Kondo, Yuki, Nakaoji, Koichi, Hamada, Kazuhiko, Tatsuka, Masaaki
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: Basel MDPI AG 2021
• Subjects: 3-O-cetyl ascorbic acid; Ascorbic acid; Carcinogenicity; Collagen; Cosmetics; Drug delivery; epidermis; Ion beams; Lipophilic; lipophilic derivative; Mass spectroscopy; Radiation; Skin; skin care; Stratum corneum; sun exposure; Japan
• ISSN: 2079-9284; 2079-9284
• DOI: 10.3390/cosmetics8020038

Ascorbic acid (AA) is a water-soluble vitamin that is found at high concentrations in normal skin. The important and well-known benefits of using AA in skin health include the stimulation of collagen synthesis and the assistance of protection against photo-oxidative damages. To maintain stability and improve drug delivery to the active site, a variety of AA derivatives have been chemically synthesized. Among these compounds, we focus here on a lipophilic derivative, 3-O-cetyl ascorbic acid (3-CetylAA), which remains poorly characterized for cosmetic applications. Uptake analysis in three healthy human volunteers’ skin was conducted using a serial tape-stripping technique detecting 3-CetylAA (on average, 128 ± 27 pmol per µg) in the stratum corneum after a 5-h topical treatment when treated with 25 mM 3-CetylAA-containing cream for 13 days twice daily and continuously. Time-of-flight secondary ion mass spectrometry (ToF-SIMS) imaging of vertical cryosections of pig skin revealed the presence of 3-CetylAA in the epidermal layer after topical treatment with 3-CetylAA-containing cream. In sun-exposed human skin, 3-CetylAA improved the texture after treatment with 25 mM 3-CetylAA-containing cream for 4 weeks or more when used twice daily or continuously. An in vitro transformation assay using BALB/c 3T3 A31-1-1 cells demonstrated that 10 µM 3-CetylAA, which is the same concentration exhibited in vitro biological activities in another lipophilic AA derivative, 2-O-octadecyl ascorbic acid, was non-carcinogenic and did not potentiate the UVC-induced transformation frequency when applied for 3 days after UVC irradiation. These results demonstrate that 3-CetylAA is a promising candidate as a lipophilic derivative of AA for cosmetic purposes.