Iris Damage Is Associated With Elevated Cytokine Levels in Aqueous Humor

• Published in: Investigative ophthalmology & visual science Vol. 58; no. 6; p. BIO42
• Main Authors: Aketa, Naohiko, Yamaguchi, Takefumi, Suzuki, Terumasa, Higa, Kazunari, Yagi-Yaguchi, Yukari, Satake, Yoshiyuki, Tsubota, Kazuo, Shimazaki, Jun
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: United States 01.05.2017
• Subjects: Aged; Aqueous Humor - metabolism; Biomarkers - metabolism; Cataract Extraction - adverse effects; Corneal Transplantation - adverse effects; Cytokines - metabolism; Female; Follow-Up Studies; Humans; Iris - injuries; Iris - metabolism; Iris - pathology; Male; Prospective Studies
• ISSN: 1552-5783; 1552-5783
• DOI: 10.1167/iovs.17-21421

To evaluate the association between iris damage and cytokine levels in the aqueous humor (AqH). A total of 201 AqH samples from 201 consecutive patients (mean age 73.7 ± 10.6) were collected at the beginning of corneal transplantation or cataract surgery. Iris damage of each case was assessed from preoperative slit-lamp findings based on its severity. The subjects were classified into three groups: eyes without iris damage (126 eyes), eyes with mild iris damage (51 eyes), and eyes with severe iris damage (24 eyes). The levels of cytokines (IL-1α, IL-1β, IL-4, IL-6, IL-8, IL-10, IL-12p70, IL-13, IL-17a, interferon gamma-induced protein [IP]-10, monocyte chemotactic protein [MCP]-1, IFN-α, IFN-γ, macrophage inflammatory protein [MIP]-1α, MIP-1β, P-selectin, E-selectin, soluble intercellular adhesion molecule [sICAM]-1, TNF-α, and granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor [GM-CSF]) in AqH were measured by multiplex beads immunoassay. The levels of aqueous protein, IL-1α, IL-1β, IL-4, IL-6, IL-8, IL-10, IL-17A, MCP-1, TNF-α, E-selectin, P-selectin, and sICAM-1 in eyes with mild and severe iris damage were higher than in those without iris damage (P < 0.033). Multivariate analyses of clinical factors revealed that iris damage was associated with the history of complicated glaucoma, and the number of previous intraocular surgeries. The levels of AqH IL-6, IL-8, IL-13, MIP-1α, TNF-α, and sICAM-1 were significantly elevated in eyes with mild and severe iris damage in phakic eyes, and the levels of AqH IL-8 and sICAM-1 were significantly elevated in eyes with severe iris damage in pseudophakic eyes, compared with the eyes without iris damage (P < 0.045). Iris damage was associated with the elevation in the levels of aqueous protein and cytokines.