Effects of Short- and Long-Term Hypercholesterolemia on Contrast-Induced Acute Kidney Injury

• Published in: American journal of nephrology Vol. 35; no. 1; pp. 80 - 89
• Main Authors: Yang, Dingwei, Lin, Shan, Yang, Dingping, Wei, Li, Shang, Wenya
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: Basel, Switzerland S. Karger AG 01.01.2012
• Subjects: Acute Kidney Injury - chemically induced; Acute Kidney Injury - complications; Animal Feed; Animals; Cholesterol - metabolism; Contrast Media - pharmacology; Dinoprostone - metabolism; Electrolytes; Hypercholesterolemia - drug therapy; Kidney - drug effects; Kidney - embryology; Kidney - metabolism; Male; Malondialdehyde - metabolism; Nitric Oxide - metabolism; Original Report: Laboratory Investigation; Radioimmunoassay - methods; Rats; Rats, Wistar; Risk Factors; Thromboxane B2 - metabolism; Hypercholesterolemia; Hemodynamics; Contrast media; Acute renal failure
• ISSN: 0250-8095; 1421-9670
• DOI: 10.1159/000335077

Background: Whether hypercholesterolemia is a risk factor for contrast-induced acute kidney injury (CI-AKI) remains unclear. In the present study, the effects of short- and long-term dietary hypercholesterolemia on contrast media-induced nephrotoxicity were evaluated. Methods: Rats were fed either a normal rodent diet (N) or high-cholesterol diet (H). At the end of 2 and 8 weeks, 8 rats from each diet group were given a tail vein injection of either iohexol (group NC and group HC) or vehicle (group N and group H). Blood lipids, renal function and renal hemodynamics were evaluated 1 day after contrast media administration. Renal and urinary prostaglandin E 2 (PGE 2 ) and thromboxane B 2 (TXB 2 ) were detected by radioimmunoassay. Renal nitric oxide and malondialdehyde (MDA) were measured by the Griess reaction and thiobarbituric acid method, respectively. Results: Contrast media administration increased serum creatinine levels and induced severe renal tubular necrosis in rats fed the high-cholesterol diet for 8 weeks but not in rats fed the normal diet or high-cholesterol diet for 2 weeks. The renal and urinary PGE 2 and TXB 2 levels increased significantly in rats in group H and group HC at the end of 8 weeks. Renal nitric oxide production decreased, and MDA levels increased markedly in group HC and group H at the end of 8 weeks. Conclusions: We conclude that long-term hypercholesterolemia appeared to be a risk factor for CI-AKI, which might be associated with disorders in intrarenal prostaglandins and abnormalities in renal nitric oxide system induced by lipid peroxidation.