Multicomponent Reactions Promoted by Ecocatalyst from Metal Hyperaccumulating Plant Pluchea sagittalis

• Published in: Reactions (Basel, Switzerland) Vol. 4; no. 4; pp. 552 - 568
• Main Authors: Alponti, Leonardo H. R., Picinini, Monize, Urquieta-Gonzalez, Ernesto A., da Silva, Caroline S., Silva, Simone Y. S., Silva, Sebastião C., de Oliveira, Marilene N., Viera, Juliana, da Silva, Maria Fatima das G. F., Corrêa, Arlene G.
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: Basel MDPI AG 01.12.2023
• Subjects: Aqueous solutions; Biginelli and Hantzsch multicomponent reactions; Decontamination; ecocatalysts; Emission analysis; Flowers & plants; Green chemistry; heavy metal decontamination; Heavy metals; Inductively coupled plasma; Nanoparticles; NMR; Nuclear magnetic resonance; Optical emission spectroscopy; Phytoremediation; Plants (botany); Pluchea sagitallis; Soil contamination; United States > US; Germany
• ISSN: 2624-781X; 2624-781X
• DOI: 10.3390/reactions4040033

Phytoremediation has been considered a sustainable environmental technology for heavy metals decontamination. In this work, we evaluated the metal contents by inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectrometry (ICP-OES) of three plant species collected in a mine in the Brazilian Amazonia area. Based on this analysis, Pluchea sagitallis leaves were selected to prepare metallic ecocatalysts. The leaf ashes and the obtained ecocatalysts were characterized by ICP-OES, X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and N2-physisorption measurements. Moreover, they were evaluated in the Biginelli and Hantzsch multicomponent reactions, furnishing the corresponding 3,4-dihydropyrimidin-2-(1H)-ones and 1,4-dihydropyridines with good to excellent yields. The best ecocatalyst was easily recovered and recycled in up to six reactions without a significant decrease in its performance.