Changes in bark properties and hydrology following prescribed fire in Pinus taeda and Quercus montana

• Published in: Hydrological processes Vol. 37; no. 1
• Main Authors: Siegert, Courtney, Ilek, Anna, Wade, Adam, Schweitzer, Callie
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: Hoboken, USA John Wiley & Sons, Inc 01.01.2023; Wiley Subscription Services, Inc
• Subjects: Atmospheric water; Atmospheric water vapor; Bark; bark density; bark hygroscopicity; bark porosity; Bulk density; Chestnut oak; Control theory; Density; Evaporation; Feedback loops; Fire exposure; Fires; Forest fires; Forest floor; Forests; Hydrologic processes; Hydrology; Hygroscopicity; Interception; loblolly pine; Physical properties; Pine; Pine trees; Pinus taeda; Plant species; Porosity; Precipitation; Prescribed fire; Quercus montana; Rainfall; Rainfall interception; Species; Storage capacity; Storage conditions; Trees; Water storage; Water vapor; Water vapour; Wetting; United States > US
• ISSN: 0885-6087; 1099-1085
• DOI: 10.1002/hyp.14799

In the eastern United States, the use of prescribed fire as a silvicultural technique to manage for desirable upland tree species is increasing in popularity. Bark physical properties such as thickness, density, and porosity have known associations with fire tolerance among species. These physical properties simultaneously influence rainfall interception and canopy storage and thus are of interest across a range of disciplines. Furthermore, while these characteristics are innate to a species, it is unknown whether repeated exposure to fire facilitates physical change in bark structure and whether these changes are consistent among species. To answer these questions, bark samples were collected from mature pine (Pinus taeda L.) and oak (Quercus montana Willd.) trees from sites across the Bankhead National Forest in Alabama, USA under three different burn regimes: 3‐year cycle, 9‐year cycle, and no fire. Samples were analysed in the laboratory for bulk density, porosity, water storage capacity, and hygroscopicity (the amount of atmospheric water vapour absorbed by bark during non‐rainfall conditions). Drying rates of saturated samples under simulated wetting conditions were also assessed. Oak bark had higher bulk density, lower porosity, and dried slower than pine bark. Interestingly, bark from both species had lower bulk density, higher porosity, greater water storage capacity, and dried faster in stands that were burned every 3 years compared to other fire regimes (p < 0.001). In summary, this study demonstrates that prescribed fire regimes in an eastern US forest alter bark structure and thus influence individual tree control on hydrological processes. The increase in bark water storage capacity, coupled with faster bark evaporation times may lead to less water inputs to the forest floor and drier overall conditions. Further investigation of this fire‐bark‐water feedback loop is necessary to understand the extent of these mechanisms controlling landscape‐scale conditions. Across both loblolly pine and Chestnut oak, frequent prescribed fire decreases bark density and decreases porosity. Frequent prescribed fire also decreases hygroscopicity and increases the rate at which water is evaporated from bark. The ability of bark to absorb, retain, and evaporate moisture is a key trait that changes with increasing fire frequency and needs further consideration from perspectives of both fire ecology and forest hydrology.