L‐carnitine inclusion manipulated metabolic stress in terms of cell viability, oxidative capacity, immune response and anti‐apoptotic factors during thermal exposure in fathead minnow muscle cell line

• Published in: Aquaculture nutrition Vol. 27; no. 4; pp. 1192 - 1205
• Main Authors: Chen, Xiu‐mei, Ghonimy, Abdallah, Wang, Qiu‐ju, Guo, Zhi‐xin, Yu, Ting, Ma, Yue, Wang, Gui‐qin, Farouk, Mohammed Hamdy, Zhang, Dong‐ming
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: Oxford Hindawi Limited 01.08.2021
• Subjects: antioxidant enzymes; Apoptosis; Carnitine; cell line; cell viability; Control; critical temperature; Defence mechanisms; Experiments; Exposure; Freshwater fishes; heat stress; Heat tolerance; Immune response; Immunity; L‐carnitine; Metabolic rate; Metabolism; Mitigation; Parameters; Temperature
• ISSN: 1353-5773; 1365-2095
• DOI: 10.1111/anu.13259

Thermal exposure induces metabolic rate with elevated ROS level. Fathead minnow (FHM) muscle cell line was used to investigate the effect of L‐carnitine on metabolic stress during thermal exposure. First experiment, four temperature levels (27, 32, 37 and 42°C) were conducted to determine the critical temperature which was indicated by changes in oxidative parameters at 0, 2, 6 and 12 h. Second experiment, the determined critical temperature (37°C) was conducted with different L‐carnitine levels (0.1, 0.5 and 1.0 mM) to evaluate the mitigation effect of L‐carnitine against heat stress, L‐carnitine and temperatures were 0.0 mM and 27 and 37°C as control treatments. First experiment, oxidative parameters (T‐SOD, GSH‐PX and MDA) showed a significant difference at 37 and 42°C by 2 h exposure compared to the control (27°C, 2 h). Second experiment, LC (0.5–1.0 mM) showed no significant differences for CAT, GSH and MDA activities at 6 h‐ and 12‐LC exposures, and for SOD at 12 h‐LC exposure compared to the control (0.0 mM, 27°C). At immune level, LC (1 mM) showed no significant difference for LZM level at 6 h‐ and 12‐LC exposure levels compared to the control (0.0 mM, 27°C). While apoptotic factors (HSP70 and NrF2) showed a non‐significant difference at 6 h‐LC (0.1 mM) compared to the control (0.0 mM–6 h, 27°C). Altogether, LC inclusions (0.5–1 mM) were effective supplementation levels against metabolic stress at 37°C in FHM cell line.