Transformational leadership, goal difficulty, and job design: independent and interactive effects on employee outcomes

A field study of 209 leader–follower dyads from 12 different organizations was conducted to test the moderating effects of job enrichment and goal difficulty on the relationship between transformational leadership and three follower outcomes: performance, affective organizational commitment, and org...

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Bibliographic Details
Published inThe Leadership quarterly Vol. 15; no. 5; pp. 593 - 606
Main Authors Whittington, J. Lee, Goodwin, Vicki L., Murray, Brian
Format Journal Article
LanguageEnglish
Published Oxford Elsevier Inc 01.10.2004
Elsevier Science Ltd
Subjects
Affective organizational commitment
Correlation analysis
Goal difficulty
Job enrichment
Leadership
Objectives
Organizational behavior
Organizational citizenship behavior
Regression analysis
Studies
Transformational leadership
United States > US
Affective organizational commitment
Transformational leadership
Job enrichment
Performance
Goal difficulty
Organizational citizenship behavior
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Summary:A field study of 209 leader–follower dyads from 12 different organizations was conducted to test the moderating effects of job enrichment and goal difficulty on the relationship between transformational leadership and three follower outcomes: performance, affective organizational commitment, and organizational citizenship behavior. Moderated regression analyses were conducted to test for direct and moderated relationships. Transformational leadership and job enrichment each had significant main effects. In addition, we found that job enrichment substituted for the effects of transformational leadership on affective commitment, whereas goal setting enhanced relationships between transformational leadership and both affective commitment and performance.
ISSN:1048-9843
1873-3409
DOI:10.1016/j.leaqua.2004.07.001