The evolution of the understanding of obesity over the last 100 years

• Published in: International Journal of Obesity Vol. 49; no. 2; pp. 168 - 176
• Main Authors: Gómez-Ambrosi, Javier, Catalán, Victoria, Frühbeck, Gema
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: England Nature Publishing Group 01.02.2025
• Subjects: Body Composition; Body Mass Index; Body size; Genetics; History, 20th Century; History, 21st Century; Humans; Obesity; Obesity - epidemiology; Obesity - history; Obesity - prevention & control; Public health; Social determinants of health
• ISSN: 0307-0565; 1476-5497; 1476-5497
• DOI: 10.1038/s41366-024-01668-3

The definition of obesity has evolved significantly over the last century, from a simplistic view of excessive eating and laziness to a complex, multifactorial disease with profound health and societal implications. As science progresses, it is essential that we keep improving our knowledge about obesity, taking into consideration, factors like genetics, metabolism, body composition, and the social determinants of health. This article explores how our understanding of this condition has been shaped over the last 100 years considering historical and scientific factors. The history and usefulness of the body mass index (BMI), the development of other anthropometric markers and the evolution in the incorporation of body composition into clinical practice, among other aspects related to the definition of obesity, are discussed. The challenges posed by obesity can be better addressed and more effective strategies for prevention and treatment can be developed adopting a more personalized and holistic approach. Obesity is not only a matter of individual responsibility but a multifaceted public health problem that requires a multidisciplinary and inclusive strategy to address its complexities.