Arm-swing kinematics in Parkinson's disease: A systematic review and meta-analysis

• Published in: Gait & posture Vol. 98; pp. 85 - 95
• Main Authors: Navarro-López, Víctor, Fernández-Vázquez, Diego, Molina-Rueda, Francisco, Cuesta-Gómez, Alicia, García-Prados, Pablo, Del-Valle-Gratacós, Manuel, Carratalá-Tejada, María
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: England 01.10.2022
• Subjects: Arm; Biomechanical Phenomena; Gait; Gait Disorders, Neurologic - complications; Humans; Parkinson Disease - complications; Walking; Biomechanics; Parkinson disease; Arm swing; Gait analysis
• ISSN: 0966-6362; 1879-2219
• DOI: 10.1016/j.gaitpost.2022.08.017

Parkinson's disease (PD) causes postural instability and gait abnormalities that may be associated with an arm swing reduction. To conduct systematic review and meta-analysis to determine the kinematic patterns of arm-swing during gait in people with PD METHODS: A computer literature search of the PubMed, EMBASE, WOS, PEDro, SCOPUS and SciELO databases was conducted. Terms related to PD and arm-swing were combined to find studies that performed a free walking evaluation of the arm-swing of PD patients on or off medication compared to healthy controls. After a standardized evaluation by three examiners, fifteen articles met inclusion criteria. Random effects meta-analysis models were utilized to quantify (1) the arm-swing range of motion (RoM); (2) the arm-swing amplitude; (3) the arm-swing velocity; and (4) the arm-swing asymmetry. On average, arm-swing RoM (7.07°), amplitude (0.8 cm), and velocity (0.31 m/s) were significantly decreased in PD compared to healthy controls. Healthy subjects had significantly more symmetrical arm-swing (8.16%) than people with PD. Effect sizes were moderate-large. People with PD have significant differences in RoM, amplitude, velocity, and asymmetry of arm-swing during gait compared to the healthy control group. Medication phase does not significantly influence arm-swing characteristics. Further studies will be needed to determine whether different disease characteristics influence the biomechanics of arm-swing during gait.