Hyperparasitoids of polysphinctine Darwin wasps (Hymenoptera: Ichneumonidae) in South America

• Published in: Austral entomology Vol. 61; no. 2; pp. 170 - 186
• Main Authors: Pádua, Diego G, Kloss, Thiago G, Tavares, Marcelo T, Santos, Bernardo F, Araujo, Rodrigo O, Schoeninger, Karine, Sobczak, Jober F, Gonzaga, Marcelo O
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: Canberra Wiley Subscription Services, Inc 01.05.2022; Australian Entomological Society
• Subjects: Atlantic Forest; Chalcididae; Chalcidoidea; cocoon web; Cocoons; Conura; Digital imaging; Ephialtini; host; Host-parasite interactions; Hymenoptera; Ichneumonidae; Life Sciences; Natural history; New species; Pimplinae; Pupae; Webs; South America
• ISSN: 2052-174X; 2052-1758
• DOI: 10.1111/aen.12593

This study provides contributions to the knowledge on diversity and natural history of hyperparasitoids (Hymenoptera) associated with host–parasitoid interactions between spiders (Araneae) and polysphinctine Darwin wasps (Pimplinae) in the Atlantic Forest, Brazil, South America. All hyperparasitoids emerged in the laboratory from polysphinctine cocoons that were collected in cocoon webs in the field. A total of 27 hyperparasitoid wasps emerged from polysphinctine cocoons belonging to six genera, three families and two superfamilies: Ceyxia Girault, 1911 and Conura Spinola, 1837 (Chalcidoidea: Chalcididae); Palmistichus Delvare & LaSalle, 1993 (Chalcidoidea: Eulophidae); and Lymeon Förster, 1869, Mesochorus Gravenhorst, 1829, and Neotheronia Krieger, 1899 (Ichneumonoidea: Ichneumonidae). We add new biological information on nine species of hyperparasitoids, emerging from pupae of at least seven species of polysphinctine wasps, which were collected in seven different types of cocoon webs. In addition, a new species is described, Conura capixaba Tavares, sp. nov. (Chalcididae), and digital images of all hyperparasitoids are presented.