Metal–organic frameworks for catalysis: the Knoevenagel reaction using zeolite imidazolate framework ZIF-9 as an efficient heterogeneous catalyst

Crystalline zeolite imidazolate framework ZIF-9 was synthesized from the reaction of cobalt nitrate hexahydrate and benzimidazole by a solvothermal method, and was used as an efficient heterogeneous catalyst for the low temperature liquid phase Knoevenagel reaction. The solid catalyst was characteri...

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Published inCatalysis science & technology Vol. 2; no. 3; pp. 521 - 528
Main Authors Nguyen, Lien T. L., Le, Ky K. A., Truong, Hien X., Phan, Nam T. S.
Format Journal Article
LanguageEnglish
Published 01.01.2012
Subjects
Atomic absorption analysis
Catalysis
Catalysts
Conversion
Light scattering
Metal-organic frameworks
Scanning electron microscopy
Spectroscopy
Zeolites
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Summary:Crystalline zeolite imidazolate framework ZIF-9 was synthesized from the reaction of cobalt nitrate hexahydrate and benzimidazole by a solvothermal method, and was used as an efficient heterogeneous catalyst for the low temperature liquid phase Knoevenagel reaction. The solid catalyst was characterized by various techniques, including X-ray powder diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), dynamic laser light scattering (DLS), thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), atomic absorption spectrophotometry (AAS), and nitrogen physisorption measurements. Excellent conversions were achieved under mild conditions. The ZIF-9 catalyst was easily isolated from the reaction mixture by simple filtration and reused several times without a significant degradation in activity. Moreover, there was no contribution from leached active species and conversion was only being possible in the presence of the solid catalyst.
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ISSN:2044-4753
2044-4761
DOI:10.1039/C1CY00386K