Accelerated light protection performance measurement technology validated for dairy milk packaging design

• Published in: Packaging technology & science Vol. 30; no. 12; pp. 771 - 780
• Main Authors: Stancik, Cheryl M., Conner, Denise A., Jernakoff, Peter, Niedenzu, Philipp M., Duncan, Susan E., Bianchi, Laurie M., Johnson, Daryan S.
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: Bognor Regis Wiley Subscription Services, Inc 01.12.2017
• Subjects: accelerated light exposure; Control equipment; Environmental monitoring; Exposure; High density polyethylenes; High performance liquid chromatography; Light; light protection; measurement systems analysis; measurement technology; Milk; Package design; Packaging; Packaging design; Performance measurement; photo‐oxidation; Pigments; Riboflavin; Systems analysis; Titanium oxides
• ISSN: 0894-3214; 1099-1522
• DOI: 10.1002/pts.2326

We report an accelerated measurement technology for prediction of light protection performance of milk packaging by quantifying the ability of a package to preserve a light‐sensitive nutrient present in milk. This measurement technology consists of a light exposure instrument and a detection approach to track changes to the light‐sensitive nutrient, riboflavin (RF), in a light‐exposed solution sample. The light exposure instrument provided an intense, controlled light exposure and a consistent sample environment for an aqueous RF marker solution. Coupled with the light exposure instrument, two alternative detection approaches were used to determine the RF concentration of light‐exposed marker solutions: an accelerated ex situ (AES) approach by high‐performance liquid chromatography or an accelerated in situ (AIS) approach by ultraviolet–visible spectrometry. The capability of each RF determination method was confirmed using measurement systems analysis, and their statistical equivalency was demonstrated. To explore application of the measurement technology for use in package design, a set of high‐density polyethylene packages incorporating surface‐treated TiO2 pigments was evaluated for light protection performance by AES and AIS. For the same package set, experiments monitoring RF degradation in extended‐shelf‐life milk products under retail dairy storage conditions showed strong correlation with the AIS method (R2 > 0.97). Riboflavin retention increased under both retail and accelerated light exposure conditions for package designs containing greater loadings of surface‐treated TiO2 confirming its light protection efficacy. This research illustrates the utility of the accelerated methods to quantitatively evaluate package designs for light protection performance for nutrient preservation. We report an accelerated measurement technology to predict milk packaging light protection performance. The measurement technology consists of a light exposure instrument and a detection approach to monitor a light sensitive nutrient in a light‐exposed sample. Accelerated measurements on milk package designs were correlated to the performances of the same milk package designs under retail storage conditions, illustrating the utility of the measurement technology to quantitatively evaluate packages for light protection performance for milk nutrient preservation during retail storage.