Insulin in diabetes prevention

Insulin-dependent diabetes (IDD) is a chronic immune-endocrine disease in which there is a progressive destruction of insulin-secreting pancreatic beta cells, caused primarily by autoreactive T cells. Many islet cell proteins including insulin, glutamic acid decarboxylase, and tyrosine phosphatase a...

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Bibliographic Details
Published inHormone research Vol. 48 Suppl 4; p. 67
Main Authors Ramiya, V K, Maclaren, N K
Format Journal Article
LanguageEnglish
Published Switzerland 01.01.1997
Subjects
Administration, Oral
Animals
Autoantibodies - blood
Brain - enzymology
Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1 - drug therapy
Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1 - epidemiology
Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1 - prevention & control
Glutamate Decarboxylase - therapeutic use
Humans
Injections, Subcutaneous
Insulin - administration & dosage
Insulin - therapeutic use
Mice
Mice, Inbred NOD
Recombinant Proteins - administration & dosage
Recombinant Proteins - therapeutic use
Swine
United States
United States
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Summary:Insulin-dependent diabetes (IDD) is a chronic immune-endocrine disease in which there is a progressive destruction of insulin-secreting pancreatic beta cells, caused primarily by autoreactive T cells. Many islet cell proteins including insulin, glutamic acid decarboxylase, and tyrosine phosphatase antigens (IA-2) are targeted by the autoimmune responses in IDD patients. Since its discovery 75 years ago, insulin has been the major player in the clinical management of hyperglycaemia in these patients. The morbidity and mortality associated with IDD derives mainly from the complications of the disease. However, routine insulin injections seldom achieve a consistent, near-normal glucose level, where multiple daily doses of the hormone involve considerable restrictions to a normal lifestyle. In terms of economics, the management of diabetes is expensive, and in the USA diabetes alone accounts for one seventh of the healthcare budget. These clinical, lifestyle and economic issues emphasize the need to investigate alternative preventative measures in IDD treatment. Recent reports suggest a pivotal role for insulin in various aspects of the immune system. In this study, insulin and B-chain were used to modulate autoimmune responses in non-obese diabetic mice, findings which have therapeutic implications in man.
ISSN:0301-0163
1423-0046
DOI:10.1159/000191318