Leader prototypicality in sport: The implicit leadership theories of women and men entering sport management careers

• Published in: Sport management review Vol. 23; no. 4; pp. 640 - 656
• Main Authors: Swanson, Steve, Billsberry, Jon, Kent, Aubrey, Skinner, James, Mueller, Jacqueline
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: Elsevier Ltd 01.08.2020
• Subjects: Careers; Implicit leadership theory; Leader categorization theory; Leadership; Sport business management; Sport management; Careers; Leadership; Sport business management; Leader categorization theory; Sport management; Implicit leadership theory
• ISSN: 1441-3523; 1839-2083
• DOI: 10.1016/j.smr.2019.08.002

•Sport management ILTs are discovered for individuals who intend to enter this industry.•The sport management ILT profiles have distinctions from generic superordinate ILTs.•Sport management ILTs incorporate physical and emotional dimensions.•The first quantitative analysis of ILTs by gender indicates some differences.•Sport management ILTs do not include antiprototypical factors seen in the mainstream. Implicit leadership theories (ILTs) matter because they are used as the benchmark against which people determine who is a leader and who is not. This assessment informs their behavioral responses. People are thought to have a superordinate-level ILT representing their prototypical mental model of leadership and a series of basic-level ILTs. Each of these represents how people conceptualize leadership in particular domains (e.g., sport, politics, and popular culture). In this study, the authors generate the structures of basic-level sport management ILTs for women and men who are about to enter this industry. These form the baseline from which socialization to work, organizational cultures, and the sport management industry begins. The ILTs of women entering sport management careers have a 35-item, 6-factor structure (Sensitivity, Knowledgeable, Physical Attractiveness, Inspirational, Dedication, and Focused), whereas men entering the industry have a 32-item, 7-factor structure (Sensitivity, Dedication, Physical Attractiveness, Focused, Creativity, Inspirational, Courageous). The resulting sport management ILT profiles differ from superordinate ones by emphasizing physical and vitality attributes, incorporating emotional elements, and by eschewing antiprototypical elements. The paper ends with a discussion of the implications for leadership research in sport management.