Evaluation of a New Vancomycin Dosing Protocol in Morbidly Obese Patients

• Published in: Hospital pharmacy (Philadelphia) Vol. 50; no. 9; pp. 789 - 797
• Main Authors: Kosmisky, Desiree E., Griffiths, Carrie L., Templin, Megan A., Norton, James, Martin, Kelly E.
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: Los Angeles, CA SAGE Publications 01.10.2015; Thomas Land Publishers, Inc
• Subjects: Original; vancomycin; dosing; obesity; therapeutic drug monitoring
• ISSN: 0018-5787; 1945-1253
• DOI: 10.1310/hpj5009-789

Background Optimal dosing of vancomycin in morbidly obese patients (>100 kg and at least 140% of their ideal body weight) has not been determined. Conventional dosing strategies have led to the observation of supratherapeutic trough concentrations (>20 mcg/mL). Objective To evaluate the effectiveness of a new vancomycin dosing protocol in morbidly obese patients in achieving therapeutic trough concentrations between 10 and 20 mcg/mL and to determine patient-specific factors influencing the trough concentration attained. Methodology A single-center, retrospective chart review included morbidly obese adult patients with a pharmacy-to-dose vancomycin consult and at least 1 trough concentration obtained at steady state. Patients were excluded if they had a creatinine clearance (CrCl) less than 35 mL/min or unstable renal function, were not dosed according to the revised protocol, or received vancomycin prior to initiation of the protocol. Results Of the 48 patients included, 17 (35.4%) achieved a therapeutic vancomycin trough concentration. Subtherapeutic concentrations (<10 mcg/mL) were observed in 27 patients (56.3%) and supratherapeutic concentrations were observed in 4 (8.3%) patients. Age less than 45 years and CrCl greater than 100 mL/min were associated with subtherapeutic trough concentrations. Conclusion This study demonstrates that the revised vancomycin dosing protocol led to the attainment of therapeutic trough concentrations in 35.4% of patients. The majority had subtherapeutic concentrations, which increases the risk of treatment failures and resistance. Further study is needed to determine the optimal dosing strategy in this patient population.