Investigation of stillbirths in Brazil: A systematic scoping review of the causes and related reporting processes in the past decade

• Published in: International journal of gynecology and obstetrics Vol. 161; no. 3; pp. 711 - 725
• Main Authors: Souza, Renato T., Brasileiro, Mariana, Ong, Melissa, Delaney, Louisa, Vieira, Matias C., Dias, Marcos A. B., Pasupathy, Dharmintra, Cecatti, José G.
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: United States 01.06.2023
• Subjects: Brazil; Brazil - epidemiology; Causality; Cause of Death; Female; fetal death; fetal mortality rate; Humans; investigation; perinatal health; Pregnancy; stillbirth; Stillbirth - epidemiology; Brazil; fetal mortality rate; Brazil; investigation; stillbirth; perinatal health; fetal death
• ISSN: 0020-7292; 1879-3479
• DOI: 10.1002/ijgo.14573

Background Recognizing the causes of stillbirths and their associated conditions is essential to reduce its occurrence. Objective To describe information on stillbirths in Brazil during the past decade. Search strategy A literature search was performed from January 2010 to December 2020. Selection criteria Original observational studies and clinical trials. Data collection and analysis Data were manually extracted to a spreadsheet and descriptive analysis was performed. Results A total of 55 studies were included; 40 studies (72.2%) used the official data stored by national public health systems. Most articles aimed to estimate the rate and trends of stillbirth (60%) or their causes (55.4%). Among the 16 articles addressing the causes of death, 10 (62.5%) used the International Classification of Diseases; most of the articles only specified the main cause of death. Intrauterine hypoxia was the main cause reported (ranging from 14.3% to 54.9%). Conclusion Having a national system based on compulsory notification of stillbirths may not be sufficient to provide quality information on occurrence and, especially, causes of death. Further improvements of the attribution and registration of causes of deaths and the implementation of educational actions for improving reporting systems are advisable. Finally, expanding the investigation of contributing factors associated with stillbirths would create an opportunity for further development of prevention strategies in low‐ and middle‐income countries such as Brazil. Synopsis The national system with official data on fetal deaths is a crucial source of information in Brazil; however, there are limitations for reporting causes of deaths.