Atmospheric muons and their variations with temperature

Seasonal variations of atmospheric muons are traditionally interpreted in terms of an effective temperature that relates the atmospheric temperature profile at a given time to the dependence of muon production on atmospheric depth. This paper aims to review and generalize the treatment of muon produ...

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Bibliographic Details
Published inAstroparticle physics Vol. 161; p. 102985
Main Authors Verpoest, S., Soldin, D., Desiati, P.
Format Journal Article
LanguageEnglish
Published Elsevier B.V 01.09.2024
Subjects
Atmospheric muons
Seasonal variation
Underground detectors
Seasonal variation
Underground detectors
Atmospheric muons
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Summary:Seasonal variations of atmospheric muons are traditionally interpreted in terms of an effective temperature that relates the atmospheric temperature profile at a given time to the dependence of muon production on atmospheric depth. This paper aims to review and generalize the treatment of muon production and effective temperature that has been used to interpret seasonal variations of atmospheric muons by many experiments. The formalism is developed both in integral form – for application to compact detectors at a fixed depth that record all muons with Eμ>Eμmin – and in differential form — for application to extended detectors like IceCube, KM3NeT, and Baikal-GVD, where the rates are proportional to energy-dependent effective areas.
ISSN:0927-6505
1873-2852
DOI:10.1016/j.astropartphys.2024.102985