Split injection strategy control map development through prediction-based calibration approach to improve the biodiesel-fuelled diesel engine characteristics

• Published in: Environmental science and pollution research international Vol. 31; no. 41; pp. 53895 - 53919
• Main Authors: Bragadeshwaran, Ashok, Rajasekar, Vignesh, Usman, Kaisan Muhammad, Ayyasamy, Tamilvanan, Govindasamy, Kumaresan
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: Berlin/Heidelberg Springer Berlin Heidelberg 01.09.2024; Springer Nature B.V
• Subjects: Aquatic Pollution; Atmospheric Protection/Air Quality Control/Air Pollution; Biodegradation; Biodiesel fuels; Biofuels; Calibration; Design optimization; Diesel; Diesel engines; Diesel fuels; Earth and Environmental Science; Ecotoxicology; Emissions; Emissions control; Energy consumption; Environment; Environmental Chemistry; Environmental Health; Experimentation; Fuel consumption; Fuel injection; Gasoline; Impact of Industry 4.0 on Environmental Sustainability; Injectors; Multiple objective analysis; Nitrogen oxides; Optimization; Oxygen content; Parameters; Photochemicals; Response surface methodology; Smoke; Thermodynamic efficiency; Vehicle Emissions - analysis; Waste Water Technology; Water Management; Water Pollution Control; Split injection; Injection control map, Multi-objective optimization; Calibration; Response surface methodology; Karanja oil
• ISSN: 1614-7499; 0944-1344; 1614-7499
• DOI: 10.1007/s11356-023-29905-8

Karanja oil blended with diesel acts as a good alternative for a CI engine due to its low emission and high oxygen content as compared to pure diesel which leads to the non-toxic and biodegradable nature of the fuel. The objective of this project is to enhance the performance and emission characteristics of a diesel engine that runs on biofuel by accurately calibrating its fuel injector control parameters. To achieve this goal, the project focuses on creating optimal split injector control maps using a novel global model-based calibration approach that considers the entire range of engine speed-load conditions. To develop the model, the experimentation was conducted using the I-optimal design of the experiment technique. To establish a relationship between the calibration parameters and engine performance parameters based on experimental data, the study employed response surface methodology (RSM). With the support of a developed model and multi-objective optimization approach under equivalent importance to performance and emissions, the optimum injector control points are derived. For the developed engine map for 20% KBD (Karanja bio-diesel)-blended fuel, the BTE (brake thermal efficiency) reaches up to 30% and lower BSFC (brake specific fuel consumption) of 0.37 kg/kW-hr. After optimization, the split injector control map showed significant improvements over the un-optimized map. At 19 Nm and 3000 rpm, the optimized map resulted in a 31.36% increase in BTE and a 29.31% decrease in BSFC. Moreover, the optimization successfully balanced the trade-off between reducing nitrogen oxide (NO x ) emissions and smoke emissions. However, the optimized fuel map for 20% KBD-blended fuel shows slightly lower performance compared to diesel fuel. While the optimization process led to a decrease in smoke emissions about 22.3%, it also resulted in elevated NO x emissions about 9.83% when compared to diesel fuel. Furthermore, emissions of CO and HC are reduced by 12.8% and 19.2%, respectively, in an optimized control map of 20% KBD-blended fuel compared to un-optimized map.