The Relationship between Clouds Containing Multiple Layers 7.5–30 m Thick and Surface Weather Conditions

• Published in: Atmosphere Vol. 12; no. 12; p. 1616
• Main Authors: McCullough, Emily M., Wing, Robin, Drummond, James R.
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: Basel MDPI AG 01.12.2021
• Subjects: Altitude; Arctic climates; Arctic clouds; Arctic weather; Atmospheric chemistry; Atmospheric composition; Case studies; Clear sky; Climate change; Cloud types; Clouds; Ice; Identification; Laminates; Lasers; layers; LiDAR; Local climates; Measurement; mixed-phase cloud; multi-layer cloud; Precipitation; Radiation; Snow; Weather; Weather conditions; Weather stations; Canada; Nunavut Territory Canada; Arctic region
• ISSN: 2073-4433; 2073-4433
• DOI: 10.3390/atmos12121616

Previous studies have identified finely laminated, or layered, features within Arctic clouds. This study focuses on quasi-horizontal layers that are 7.5 to 30 m thick, within clouds from 0 to 5 km altitude. No pre-selection for any particular cloud types was made prior to the identification of laminations. We capitalize on the 4-year measurement record available from Eureka, Nunavut (79.6∘ N, 85.6∘ W), using the Canadian Network for the Detection of Atmospheric Composition Change (CANDAC) Rayleigh–Mie–Raman Lidar (CRL; 1 min, 7.5 m resolution). Laminated features are identified on 18% of all days, from 2016–2019. Their presence is conclusively excluded on 12% of days. March, April, and May have a higher measurement cadence and show laminations on 41% of days. Individual months show laminations on up to 50% of days. Our results suggest that laminations are not rare phenomena at Eureka. To determine laminations’ likely contribution to Arctic weather and climate, local weather reports were obtained from the nearby Environment and Climate Change Canada (ECCC) weather station. Days with laminated clouds are strongly correlated with precipitating snow (r = 0.63), while days with non-laminated clouds (r = −0.40) and clear sky days (r = −0.43) are moderately anti-correlated with snow precipitation.