Concomitant diagnosis of multiple sclerosis and human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection: case report and the review of literature

• Published in: Neurological sciences Vol. 44; no. 7; pp. 2305 - 2309
• Main Authors: Trinchillo, Assunta, Spiezia, Antonio Luca, Carotenuto, Antonio, Tedeschi, Enrico, Servillo, Giuseppe, Iacovazzo, Carmine, Borrelli, Francesco, Di Filippo, Giovanni, Morra, Vincenzo Brescia, Lanzillo, Roberta
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: Cham Springer International Publishing 01.07.2023; Springer Nature B.V
• Subjects: Acquired immune deficiency syndrome; AIDS; Antibodies; Antiretroviral therapy; Case reports; Disease; Drug therapy; HIV; Human immunodeficiency virus; Immune system; Infections; Leukoencephalopathy; Medicine; Medicine & Public Health; Multiple sclerosis; Neurology; Neuroradiology; Neurosciences; Neurosurgery; Optics; Patients; Progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy; Psychiatry; Review Article; Steroids; Visual acuity; Natalizumab; HIV; Multiple sclerosis
• ISSN: 1590-1874; 1590-3478
• DOI: 10.1007/s10072-023-06727-7

Background To date, few cases of multiple sclerosis (MS) patients with concomitant Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) infection have been described. However, none of the previously described cases has been treated with Natalizumab, probably due to the increasing risk of progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy (PML). Case We report the case of a patient concomitantly diagnosed for HIV infection and MS treated with combined antiretroviral therapy (cART) and Natalizumab for 19 months, without clinical or radiological MS activity. Conclusions Our case might suggest considering Natalizumab in patients with concomitant HIV infection, especially for those with significant disease activity requiring a high efficacy disease modifying treatment.