Herpes simplex viruses type 1 and 2 photoinactivated in the presence of methylene blue transform human and mouse cells in vitro

• Published in: Acta virologica (Anglickâa verze) Vol. 61; no. 3; p. 308
• Main Authors: Michútová, M, Mrázová, V, Kúdelová, M, Smolinská, M, Šupoliková, M, Vrbová, M, Golais, F
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: Slovakia 2017
• Subjects: A549 Cells; Animals; Cell Line; Cell Line, Tumor; Herpes Simplex - virology; Herpesvirus 1, Human - drug effects; Herpesvirus 1, Human - metabolism; Herpesvirus 2, Human - drug effects; Herpesvirus 2, Human - metabolism; Humans; Male; Methylene Blue - administration & dosage; Mice; Middle Aged; NIH 3T3 Cells; Phenotype; herpes simplex viruses; photoinactivation of viruses; methylene blue; putative herpesvirus-related growth factors; transformed phenotype; phototherapy
• ISSN: 0001-723X
• DOI: 10.4149/av_2017_309

Three strains of herpes simplex virus, K17syn- and HSZPsyn+ of type 1 (HSV-1) and USsyn- of type 2 (HSV-2), were photoinactivated in the presence of methylene blue and used to infect 3 cell lines, normal human lung tissue cells (MRC-5), mouse epithelial cells (NIH3T3), and human lung carcinoma cells (A549). The virus titer and phenotype of cells were evaluated to compare the characteristics of normal and carcinoma cells infected with non-syncytial (non-syn) and syncytial (syn) strains of herpes simplex viruses. We found that the cells of both normal cell lines infected with photoinactivated K17syn- and USsyn- but not HSZPsyn+ acquired transformed phenotype accompanied by the presence of virus. Surprisingly, the infection with photoinactivated viruses K17syn- and USsyn- but not HSZPsyn+ resulted in the suppression of the transformed phenotype of A549 cells. Using nested PCR, herpesviral DNA was identified in newly transformed cells and cells that lost the transformed phenotype. The effect of putative herpesvirus-related growth factors (HRGF) produced by cells infected with photoinactivated viruses was quantified and compared. Since methylene blue is currently used in phototherapy of herpetic lesions, these results raise the question of whether such therapy is risky to human health.