Neuroinflammation in Obese Children

• Published in: Bulletin of experimental biology and medicine Vol. 176; no. 3; pp. 386 - 389
• Main Authors: Samoilova, Yu.G., Matveeva, M. V., Spirina, L. V., Podchinenova, D. V., Oleinik, O. A., Galyukova, D. E.
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: New York Springer US 2024; Springer Nature B.V
• Subjects: Antigens, Differentiation, Myelomonocytic; Biomedical and Life Sciences; Biomedicine; Blood-brain barrier; Body composition; Body height; Body mass index; CD14 antigen; CD163 antigen; Cell Biology; Centrifugation; Child; Children; Cognitive ability; Experimental Methods for Clinical Practice; Flow Cytometry; Humans; Inflammation; Intelligence; Internal Medicine; Laboratory Medicine; Leukocytes (mononuclear); Macrophages; Monocytes; Neuroinflammatory Diseases; Obesity; Pathology; Pediatric Obesity - complications; Peripheral blood; monocytes; CD163; cognitive impairment; neuroinflammation; children; obesity; CD163+ monocytes
• ISSN: 0007-4888; 1573-8221
• DOI: 10.1007/s10517-024-06029-8

Obesity is associated with chronic persistent inflammation due to a pool of tissue macrophages that can penetrate the blood—brain barrier and cause neuroinflammation. The analysis of the association of CD14 + CD163 + monocytes in the peripheral blood with cognitive functions in 56 obese children (mean age 11.95 (9.45; 14.45) years) was carried out. The control group consisted of 10 children (mean age 10.4 (9.3; 13.8) years). Standard deviation of the body mass index (SDS BMI) and height (SDS height) were calculated using WHO AnthroPlus software (for children of 6-19 years). Body composition was assessed using bioimpedance measurement. Mononuclear cells were isolated from whole blood by centrifugation on a Ficoll—Urografin density gradient (ρ=1.077 g/ml). The content of CD14 + CD163 + monocytes in the peripheral blood was assessed by flow cytometry. To analyze cognitive functions, the intelligence coefficient (IQ) was calculated and a Russian adaptation of the Rey test was performed. We found an increase in the number of M2-polarized CD14 + CD163 + monocytes in the peripheral blood with an increase in the obesity degree and in the presence of cognitive decline, as well as a negative correlation of the level of M2-polarized monocytes and IQ, taking into account the excess of visceral fat. The revealed data on the relationship of M2-polarized CD14 + CD163 + peripheral blood monocytes with obesity in children and the development of neuropsychological deficiency confirm the role of peripheral visceral obesity and neuroinflammation.