Circadian misalignment proxies, BMI, and chronic conditions: the role for weekday to weekend sleep differences

• Published in: Sleep & breathing Vol. 28; no. 4; pp. 1799 - 1808
• Main Authors: de Oliveira Lima, Márcia, Pedrosa, Anny Kariny Pereira, de Oliveira, Priscilla Márcia Bezerra, de Menezes, Risia Cristina Egito, Serenini, Renan, Longo-Silva, Giovana
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: Cham Springer International Publishing 01.08.2024; Springer Nature B.V
• Subjects: Adolescent; Adult; Aged; Body Mass Index; Body weight; Chronic Disease; Chronic illnesses; Circadian rhythms; Cross-Sectional Studies; Dentistry; Female; Humans; Internal Medicine; Jet Lag Syndrome - physiopathology; Male; Medicine; Medicine & Public Health; Middle Aged; Neurology; Otorhinolaryngology; Overweight; Overweight - epidemiology; Pediatrics; Pneumology/Respiratory System; Psychiatrics • Original Article; Public health; Regression analysis; Sleep; Sleep - physiology; Sleep and wakefulness; Young Adult; Body Mass Index; Metabolic Disease; Sleep Timing; Sleep; Social Jetlag; Overweight
• ISSN: 1520-9512; 1522-1709; 1522-1709
• DOI: 10.1007/s11325-024-03027-y

Objective To evaluate whether social jet lag (SJL) and weekend catch-up sleep (CUS), proxies of circadian misalignment, were associated with BMI and chronic conditions. Methods Participants (n = 2,050,18-65y) were part of a virtual cross-sectional and population-based research. We examined CUS and SJL as continuous and categorical (< 1 h,1–2 h, > 2 h). Linear regression analyses were performed to assess the differences in BMI (outcome) associated with CUS and SJL. Restricted cubic splines were performed to explore the shape of the relationship between weekday-to-weekend variability in sleep duration, midpoint, wake time, and bedtime. Logistic regression models were used to estimate ORs(95%CIs) for chronic conditions and overweight related to CUS and SJL. Analyses were adjusted for sleep duration, biological and behavior-related variables. Results We found a positive association of SJL and CUS with BMI. The effects remained even after adjustment for weekly sleep duration and demonstrated a proportional increase with the magnitude of sleep variability. Among participants with SJL > 2 h, BMI increased by 2.29 kg/m 2 (95%CI:0.84;3.74,p:0.002). They also had 129% higher odds of chronic conditions (95%CI:1.16;4.52, p:0.01) and 119% higher odds of overweight (95%CI: 1.20;3.98,p:0.01). Individuals with CUS > 2 h presented 78% higher odds of overweight (95%CI:1.27;2.50,p:0.001) and an increase of 1.61 kg/m 2 in BMI (95%CI: 0.81; 2.40, p  < 0.001). Conclusions Our findings, which demonstrate that even a slight weekend sleep extension and variability of just 1 h is associated with higher values of BMI, suggest incorporating measures for sleep consistency and regularity into clinical protocols and public health guidelines to prevent and treat obesity and related diseases.