Short- and long-term mortality following acute medical admission

• Published in: QJM : An International Journal of Medicine Vol. 116; no. 10; pp. 850 - 854
• Main Authors: Conway, R, Byrne, D, O’Riordan, D, Silke, B
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: England Oxford University Press 23.10.2023
• Subjects: Acute Medicine; long-term survival; life-year loss; 30-day mortality
• ISSN: 1460-2725; 1460-2393
• DOI: 10.1093/qjmed/hcad181

Summary Background Short-term in-hospital mortality following acute medical admission has been widely investigated. Longer term mortality, particularly out–of-hospital mortality, has been less well studied. Aim The aim of this study is to evaluate short- and long-term mortality, and predictors of such, following acute medical admission. Design Retrospective database study. Methods We evaluated all acute medical admissions to our institution over 10 years (2002–11) with a minimum of a further 10 years follow-up to 2021 using the Irish National Death Register. Predictors of 30-day in-hospital and long-term mortality were analysed with logistic and Cox regression, with loss of life years estimated. Results The 2002–11 cohort consisted of 62 184 admissions in 35 140 patients. 30-Day in hospital mortality (n = 3646) per patient was 10.4% and per admission was 5.9%. There were an additional 11 440 longer-term deaths by 2021—total mortality was 15 086 (42.9%). Deaths post hospital discharge had median age at admission of 75.4 years [interquartile range (IQR) 63.7, 82.8] and died at median age of 80 years (IQR 69, 87). The half-life of survival following admission was 195 months—representing a short fall of 8 life years (32.9%) compared with the projected population reference of 24.3 years. Age [odds ratio (OR) 1.73 (95% confidence interval (CI) 1.64, 1.81)], acute illness severity score [OR 1.39 (95% CI 1.36, 1.43)] and comorbidity score [OR 1.09 (95% CI 1.08, 1.10)] predicted long-term mortality. Conclusion Similar factors influence both short- and long-term mortality following acute medical admission, the magnitude of effect is attenuated over time.