Agro-histological performances and seed production of barnyardgrass (Echinochloa crus-galli) to 2,4-D dimethylamine in lowland rice fields

• Published in: Advances in Weed Science Vol. 43; p. e020250112
• Main Authors: Tampubolon, Koko, Alridiwirsah, Basyuni, Mohammad, Mustamu, Novilda Elizabeth
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: Londrina Sociedade Brasileira da Ciência das Plantas Daninhas, UFV - Depto de Fitotecnia 01.01.2025; Sociedade Brasileira da Ciência das Plantas Daninhas - SBCPD
• Subjects: 2,4-D; AGRONOMY; Biotypes; Crop yield; Echinochloa crus-galli; Epidermis; Harvest; Herbicides; Leaves; Mesophyll; Plant growth; Productivity; Rice; Rice fields; Seeding; Seeds; Sumatra; Indonesia; 2,4-D Dimethylamine; Barnyardgrass; Histological; Agronomy; Distribution
• ISSN: 2675-9462; 2675-9462
• DOI: 10.51694/AdvWeedSci/2025;43:00004

Background Herbicide exposure affects the agro-histological characteristics and seed production of barnyardgrass in lowland rice fields.Objective This study aimed to assess the impact of the 2,4-D dimethylamine on the agro-histological and seed production of barnyardgrass and its effects on lowland rice plants.Methods Barnyardgrass seeds were collected from lowland rice fields in nine sub-districts of Serdang Bedagai District, Indonesia. The study was conducted in farmer fields in Medan Selayang, Indonesia, from August to December 2022. The study used a randomized block design with a single factor, 40 populations of barnyardgrass sprayed the 2,4-D dimethylamine at 1.5 fold of the recommended dose (1,080 g ai ha-1) with three replications.Results The increase in tissue size of the upper epidermis, mesophyll, and lower epidermis can be used as an indicator of the effect of higher doses of 2,4-D dimethylamine. The herbicide 2,4-D dimethylamine at a dose of 1.5 fold caused an increase in the seeds produced of barnyardgrass biotypes up to 8.20 fold and lowland rice yield until 5.98 tons ha-1.Conclusions The herbicide remained safe for the growth and yield of lowland rice and enlarge the agro-histological tissues of barnyardgrass.