Direct evaluation of salivary antioxidant properties in patients with down syndrome for assessment to periodontal disease and premature aging

• Published in: Free radical biology & medicine Vol. 229; pp. 514 - 519
• Main Authors: Aoki, Ryohei, Kobayashi, Kyo, Yokoyama, Shiori, Cheng, Chia-An, Mishima, Hiroyuki, Kondoh, Tatsuro, Komatsu, Tomoko, Lee, Masaichi Chang-il
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: United States Elsevier Inc 01.03.2025
• Subjects: Adolescent; Adult; Aging; Aging, Premature - diagnosis; Aging, Premature - metabolism; Aging, Premature - pathology; Antioxidant; Antioxidants - metabolism; Child; Down syndrome; Down Syndrome - complications; Down Syndrome - metabolism; Down Syndrome - pathology; Electron Spin Resonance Spectroscopy; Female; Humans; Hydroxyl Radical - metabolism; Male; Middle Aged; Oxidative Stress; Periodontal Diseases - complications; Periodontal Diseases - diagnosis; Periodontal Diseases - metabolism; Periodontal Diseases - pathology; Periodontitis; Reactive oxygen species; Reactive Oxygen Species - metabolism; Saliva; Saliva - chemistry; Saliva - metabolism; Superoxides - metabolism; Oxidative stress; Reactive oxygen species; Periodontitis; Aging; Down syndrome; Antioxidant; Saliva
• ISSN: 0891-5849; 1873-4596; 1873-4596
• DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2025.01.017

To evaluate oxidative stress involved in Down syndrome periodontal disease and pathological premature aging, reactive oxygen species (ROS) such as superoxide (O2•–) and hydroxyl radical (HO•) in human saliva were measured using electron spin resonance (ESR) spectroscopy. The groups consisted of 20 subjects in the Down syndrome (DS) child (DsC) group (mean age 11.3 ± 4.2 years), 24 subjects in the normal(N) child (NC) group (mean age 8.5 ± 2.0 years), 31 subjects in the DS-adults (DsA) group (mean age 48.9 ± 6.5 years), and 24 subjects in the N-adults (NA) group (mean age 47.1 ± 4.9 years). Comparing DS and N groups, gingivitis index (GI), pocket depth (PD) were higher in group A than in group C depending on age. The salivary O2•– scavenging rate measured by ESR spectroscopy was lower in DS group, and the salivary antioxidant properties such as both O2•– and HO• scavenging rate of DS and N groups, whose GI and PD increased with age, were higher in A group than in C group. These ROS antioxidant properties of saliva suggested the possibility of clinical evaluation for testing for periodontal disease and early aging, which are also characteristics of DS. [Display omitted] •ESR evaluation of saliva antioxidant property in normal and Down's syndrome with periodontitis and premature aging.•The salivary superoxide scavenging rate was lower in Down syndrome than in normal.•The salivary superoxide and hydroxyl radical scavenging rate were higher adult normal and Down's syndrome than in child.•Novel ESR salivary antioxidant test developed for periodontitis and premature aging in normal and Down's syndrome.