High‐Frequency Ultrasound Investigation of Port‐Wine Stains: Hemodynamic Features Revealed By 10‐ and 22‐MHz Transducers

• Published in: Journal of ultrasound in medicine Vol. 38; no. 3; pp. 641 - 648
• Main Authors: Gong, Xia, Yu, Wenxin, Li, Jia, Ding, Angang, Xiong, Ping, Lin, Xiaoxi
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: England 01.03.2019
• Subjects: Adolescent; Adult; Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Child; Child, Preschool; dermatology; Female; hemodynamics; Hemodynamics - physiology; Humans; Infant; Male; Middle Aged; port wine stains; Port-Wine Stain - diagnostic imaging; Port-Wine Stain - physiopathology; Retrospective Studies; thickened skin; Transducers; Ultrasonography - instrumentation; Ultrasonography - methods; ultrasound; Young Adult; dermatology; port wine stains; thickened skin; hemodynamics; ultrasound
• ISSN: 0278-4297; 1550-9613; 1550-9613
• DOI: 10.1002/jum.14732

Objectives The hemodynamics of the ultrasound (US) features of port‐wine stains (PWSs) have not been reported. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the high‐frequency US findings of PWSs. Methods We retrospectively reviewed 98 PWS cases and categorized them into 4 groups based on clinical manifestations and pathologic findings (14 nodular, 28 thickened, 52 flattened, and 4 acquired). We evaluated the US findings with 10‐ and 22‐MHz transducers. Results For nodular PWSs, the mean thickened skin ± SD was 0.6 ± 0.5 mm, and the nodule thickness was 5.7 ± 3.3 mm; 63.6% of skin lesions showed vessel density of 2.16 ± 0.93/cm2 with venous flow of 4.6 ± 1.1 cm/s, and all nodules showed vessel density of 6.14 ± 1.92/cm2 with arterial and venous flow of 26.6 ± 17.9 and 9.9 ± 5.1 cm/s, respectively. The thickened skin of the thickened type was 1.4 ± 2.7 mm; 76.5% of skin lesions showed vessel density of 3.81 ± 1.98/cm2 with venous flow 4.6 ± 2.1 cm/s. The thickened skin of 36 flattened lesions was 0.1 ± 0.1 mm; 91.7% of skin lesions showed vessel density of 1.08 ± 0.28/cm2. The thickened skin of 4 acquired lesions was 0.7 ± 0.4 mm; 50% showed vessel density of 1.08 ± 0.28/cm2. The thickened skin and vessel density of nodular and thickened PWSs were thicker and higher than those of the flattened ones. The 22‐MHz transducer produced clearer contrast and higher vessel density than the 10‐MHz transducer. Conclusions These results showed differences in US findings of PWSs, which may be useful for clinical diagnosis.