A comparative study of the influence of milling media on the structural and microstructural changes in monoclinic ZrO2

• Published in: Journal of the European Ceramic Society Vol. 27; no. 2-3; pp. 1001 - 1016
• Main Authors: STEFANIC, G, MUSIC, S, GAJOVIC, A
• Format: Conference Proceeding Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: Oxford Elsevier 2007
• Subjects: Applied sciences; Building materials. Ceramics. Glasses; Ceramic industries; Chemical industry and chemicals; Exact sciences and technology; Miscellaneous; Technical ceramics; Scanning electron microscopy; X-ray methods; Grinding(comminution); Experimental study; Monoclinic lattices; Electron microscopy; Rietveld; X ray diffraction; Oxide ceramics; Phase transformation; ZrO2; Mechanical treatment; Zirconium oxide; Milling; Technical ceramics; Manufacturing; Microstructure; Comparative study; Polymorphism; Crystalline structure
• ISSN: 0955-2219; 1873-619X
• DOI: 10.1016/j.jeurceramsoc.2006.04.136

Monoclinic zirconia was subjected to planetary ball milling for 10 min to > 30 h, using grinding balls of 10 mm diameter and bowls of 80 ml capacity, produced from sintered corundum, agate and stainless steel. Changes in the zirconia were monitored by XRD, Raman spectroscopy, Fe Mossbauer spectroscopy, field emission SEM and energy dispersive X-ray analysis. The use of a corundum bowl and media gave amorphous zirconia, whilst the use of agate and stainless steel reduced the domain size to approximately 9 and 13 nm, respectively. All systems generated a small amount of the tetragonal phase after > 3 h milling time. The onset of the monoclinic-to-tetragonal transition was only observed when stainless steel was used, and was attributed to the incorporation of Fe2+, Fe3+ and Cr3+ cations. 34 refs.