Municipal Solid Waste Characterization and Landfill Gas Generation in Kakia Landfill, Makkah

In many countries, open dumping is considered the simplest, cheapest, and most cost-effective way of managing solid wastes. Thus, in underdeveloped economies, Municipal Solid Wastes (MSW) are openly dumped. Improper waste disposal causes air, water, and soil pollution, impairing soil permeability an...

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Bibliographic Details
Published inSustainability Vol. 13; no. 3; p. 1462
Main Authors Osra, Faisal A., Ozcan, Huseyin Kurtulus, Alzahrani, Jaber S., Alsoufi, Mohammad S.
Format Journal Article
LanguageEnglish
Published Basel MDPI AG 01.02.2021
Subjects
Air pollution
Carbon dioxide
Cardboard
Drainage systems
Economic conditions
Energy recovery
Environmental impact
Gases
Landfill
Landfill gas
Landfills
Metals
Methane
Municipal landfills
Municipal solid waste
Municipal waste management
Organic matter
Soil permeability
Soil pollution
Soil water
Solid waste management
Solid wastes
Sustainability
Tourism
Waste disposal
Waste disposal sites
Waste management
Water pollution
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Summary:In many countries, open dumping is considered the simplest, cheapest, and most cost-effective way of managing solid wastes. Thus, in underdeveloped economies, Municipal Solid Wastes (MSW) are openly dumped. Improper waste disposal causes air, water, and soil pollution, impairing soil permeability and blockage of the drainage system. Solid Waste Management (SWM) can be enhanced by operating a well-engineered site with the capacity to reduce, reuse, and recover MSW. Makkah city is one of the holiest cities in the world. It harbors a dozen of holy places. Millions of people across the globe visit the place every year to perform Hajj, Umrah, and tourism. In the present study, MSW characterization and energy recovery from MSW of Makkah was determined. The average composition of solid waste in Makkah city is organic matter (48%), plastics (25%), paper and cardboard (20%), metals (4%), glass (2%), textiles (1%), and wood (1%). In order to evaluate energy recovery potential from solid waste in Kakia open dumpsite landfill, the Gas Generation Model (LandGEM) was used. According to LandGEM results, landfill gas (methane and carbon dioxide) generation potential and capacity were determined. Kakia open dump has a methane potential of 83.52 m3 per ton of waste.
ISSN:2071-1050
2071-1050
DOI:10.3390/su13031462