A Cross-Sectional Study of Symptom Prevalence, Frequency, Severity, and Impact of Long-COVID in Scotland: Part II

• Published in: The American journal of medicine
• Main Authors: Mclaughlin, Marie, Cerexhe, Luke, Macdonald, Eilidh, Ingram, Joanne, Sanal-Hayes, Nilihan E.M., Hayes, Lawrence D., Meach, Rachel, Carless, David, Sculthorpe, Nicholas
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: United States Elsevier Inc 20.07.2023
• Subjects: Long-COVID' PASC; PAIS; Survey; Symptoms; Survey; Long-COVID' PASC; PAIS; Symptoms; Long COVID; Post-acute sequelae of SARS-CoV-2 infection; Post-acute infection syndrome
• ISSN: 0002-9343; 1555-7162
• DOI: 10.1016/j.amjmed.2023.07.009

: There has been some effort to map the prevalence, frequency, and severity of symptoms of long-COVID at local and national levels. However, what is frequently absent from such accounts is details of the impact the disease and its symptoms have had on those living with the condition. In this manuscript, we present details of impact to work, caring, and mental health gathered using a cross-sectional survey. : Data were collected using an online survey which was available from 21st April 2022 to 5th August 2022. Included participants had either self-diagnosed or confirmed long-COVID, were living in Scotland, and were ≥18 years old. Hospitalisation during initial COVID-19 infection was an exclusion criterion. Participants were asked to report on the impact of their illness on everyday activities such as working, studying, or caring. They also completed an assessment of their current mood. : People with long-COVID were often severely impacted in their ability to work and study. Severe impact on work and study were predicted by more severe and more frequent fatigue, more severe pain, and more severe cognitive impairment. Respondents’ ability to care for child dependants was also associated with more severe and more frequent fatigue, as well as more severe cognitive impairments. More severe pain associated with greater impact on adult care. Negative mood correlated most strongly with frequency and severity of neurological symptoms, including lack of attention, loss of smell, impaired sense of smell, loss of taste, impaired sense of taste, and loss of appetite. : Long-COVID has a significant impact on ability to work, study, and care for dependants. The severity of this impact is associated with specific symptom burden, including fatigue, pain, and cognitive impairment.