Effects of Written Versus Spoken Production Modalities on Syntactic Complexity Measures in Beginning‐Level Child EFL Learners

• Published in: The Modern language journal (Boulder, Colo.) Vol. 104; no. 1; pp. 267 - 283
• Main Authors: HWANG, HAERIM, JUNG, HYEYOUNG, KIM, HYUNWOO
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: Malden Wiley-Blackwell 01.03.2020; Blackwell Publishing Ltd
• Subjects: child EFL learners; Children; Computational Linguistics; Corpus linguistics; English (Second Language); English as a second language learning; English Language Learners; Korean; Korean language; L2 speaking; L2 writing; Language Processing; Language Proficiency; Native Language; Phrase Structure; Predicate; Predictor Variables; Scores; Second Language Instruction; Second Language Learning; Second language writing; Speech Communication; Spoken written language relationship; Subordination (Grammatical); Syntactic analysis; Syntactic complexity; Syntactic structures; Syntax; Task Analysis; Verbs; Writing; Writing (Composition)
• ISSN: 0026-7902; 1540-4781
• DOI: 10.1111/modl.12626

Learner corpus studies using syntactic complexity as a construct for characterizing learner proficiency have found that higher proficiency permits learners to produce more complex syntactic structures. However, the majority of previous studies have focused on writing, almost exclusively with adult second language (L2) learners. Given the fundamentally different mechanisms underlying speaking and writing activities, this study investigated (a) how different processes involved in writing and speaking performance affect child L2 learners’ sentence production, and (b) whether syntactic complexity is a better predictor of proficiency in a particular production type. To this end, we analyzed syntactic complexity for written and spoken corpora supplied by native Korean‐speaking child learners of English using 7 syntactic complexity indices. Results showed that learners used longer sentences, more subordination, more verb phrases per T‑unit, and less coordination in writing than in speaking. In addition, a prediction model fitted to the written corpus explained more of the variance in proficiency scores than a model based on the spoken corpus. These findings indicate that the different processes underlying writing and speaking influence the way that beginning‐level child L2 learners produce sentences in writing and speaking tasks.