Afterpulse measurement of JUNO 20-inch PMTs

• Published in: Nuclear science and techniques Vol. 34; no. 1; pp. 136 - 145
• Main Authors: Zhao, Rong, Anfimov, Nikolay, Chen, Yu, Hu, Hang, Hu, Jun, Ji, Xiao-Lu, Korablev, Denis, Li, Min, Olshevskiy, Alexander, Peng, Zhao-Yuan, Rybnikov, Arseny, Qin, Zhong-Hua, Wang, Jun, Wang, Wei, Wang, Zhi-Min, Wonsak, Björn
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: Singapore Springer Nature Singapore 2023; State Key Laboratory of Particle Detection and Electronics,Beijing 100049,China%School of Physics,Sun Yat-sen University,Guangzhou 510275,China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences,Beijing 100049,China%Institute of High Energy Physics,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Beijing 100049,China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences,Beijing 100049,China; Sino-French Institute of Nuclear Engineering and Technology,Sun Yat-sen University,Zhuhai 519082,China%Institute of High Energy Physics,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Beijing 100049,China; State Key Laboratory of Particle Detection and Electronic,Beijing 100049,China%Institut für Experimentalphysik,Universit?t Hamburg,Hamburg 20148,Germany; School of Physics,Sun Yat-sen University,Guangzhou 510275,China%Joint Institute for Nuclear Research,Dubna 141980,Russia%Institute of High Energy Physics,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Beijing 100049,China%Institute of High Energy Physics,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Beijing 100049,China
• Subjects: Beam Physics; Nuclear Energy; Particle Acceleration and Detection; Particle and Nuclear Physics; Physics; Physics and Astronomy; Dynode-PMT; 20-inch PMT; Afterpulse; MCP-PMT; JUNO
• ISSN: 1001-8042; 2210-3147
• DOI: 10.1007/s41365-022-01162-3

In this study, we present the large photomultiplier tube (PMT) afterpulse measurement results obtained from the Jiangmen underground neutrino observatory (JUNO) experiment. A total of 11 dynode-PMTs (R12860) from the Hamamatsu company (Hamamatsu Photonics K.K. (HPK)) and 150 micro-channel plate PMTs (MCP-PMTs, GDB-6201) from the NNVT company (North Night Vision Technology Co., Ltd. (NNVT)) were tested. Subsequently, an afterpulse model was built according to the afterpulse time distribution and the probability of occurrence for these two types of PMTs. The average ratio of the total afterpulse charge with a delay between 0.5 μ s and 20 μ s to the primary pulse charge is ∼ 5.7% (13.2%) for the tested MCP-PMTs (dynode-PMTs). The JUNO experiment will deploy 20,012 20-inch PMTs; this study will benefit detector simulation, event reconstruction, and data analysis regarding the JUNO experiment.