Evaluation of a Framework for Robust Image Reversible Watermarking
In the literature, robust reversible watermarking schemes (RWSs) allow the extraction of watermarks after the images have suffered attacks; however, the modified images are compromised. On the other hand, self-recovery schemes will restore the compromised regions of the images, but no secret message...
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Published in | Applied sciences Vol. 12; no. 14; p. 7242 |
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Main Authors | , , , |
Format | Journal Article |
Language | English |
Published |
Basel
MDPI AG
01.07.2022
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Subjects | |
Online Access | Get full text |
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Summary: | In the literature, robust reversible watermarking schemes (RWSs) allow the extraction of watermarks after the images have suffered attacks; however, the modified images are compromised. On the other hand, self-recovery schemes will restore the compromised regions of the images, but no secret messages are inserted in these schemes. A framework for robust reversible watermarking with signal restoration capabilities was previously proposed in the literature. This study selects four fragile reversible watermarking techniques and two self-recovery schemes to design different framework configurations. These configurations are evaluated to test the framework’s performance and determine the structure that yields better results in terms of perceptual transparency using a well-known image database as the signal input. It was found that fragile reversible watermarking schemes hold low perceptual distortion, while self-recovery schemes produce high perceptual distortion levels. The inherent characteristics of each algorithm determine, a priori, the behavior of the framework, which is approximated by a proposed equation. |
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ISSN: | 2076-3417 2076-3417 |
DOI: | 10.3390/app12147242 |