Evaluation of a Framework for Robust Image Reversible Watermarking

In the literature, robust reversible watermarking schemes (RWSs) allow the extraction of watermarks after the images have suffered attacks; however, the modified images are compromised. On the other hand, self-recovery schemes will restore the compromised regions of the images, but no secret message...

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Bibliographic Details
Published inApplied sciences Vol. 12; no. 14; p. 7242
Main Authors Garcia-Hernandez, Jose Juan, Feregrino-Uribe, Claudia, Menendez-Ortiz, Alejandra, Robledo-Cruz, Dan Williams
Format Journal Article
LanguageEnglish
Published Basel MDPI AG 01.07.2022
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Summary:In the literature, robust reversible watermarking schemes (RWSs) allow the extraction of watermarks after the images have suffered attacks; however, the modified images are compromised. On the other hand, self-recovery schemes will restore the compromised regions of the images, but no secret messages are inserted in these schemes. A framework for robust reversible watermarking with signal restoration capabilities was previously proposed in the literature. This study selects four fragile reversible watermarking techniques and two self-recovery schemes to design different framework configurations. These configurations are evaluated to test the framework’s performance and determine the structure that yields better results in terms of perceptual transparency using a well-known image database as the signal input. It was found that fragile reversible watermarking schemes hold low perceptual distortion, while self-recovery schemes produce high perceptual distortion levels. The inherent characteristics of each algorithm determine, a priori, the behavior of the framework, which is approximated by a proposed equation.
ISSN:2076-3417
2076-3417
DOI:10.3390/app12147242