Robustness of highly complex radial carpet beams in turbulent atmospheres

• Published in: Scientific reports Vol. 14; no. 1; pp. 18419 - 13
• Main Authors: Rasouli, Saifollah, Bagheri, Mohammad, Niemela, J. J.
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: London Nature Publishing Group UK 08.08.2024; Nature Publishing Group; Nature Portfolio
• Subjects: 639/624/1075/1078; 639/766/25; 704/172; Air temperature; Atmospheric turbulence; Free space propagation; Humanities and Social Sciences; Lasers; multidisciplinary; Propagation; Radial carpet beams; Science; Science (multidisciplinary); Self-healing; Telescopes; Self-healing; Atmospheric turbulence; Free space propagation; Radial carpet beams
• ISSN: 2045-2322; 2045-2322
• DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-69443-y

In this study, we report observations of propagating radial carpet beams (RCBs) through a turbulent atmosphere at ground level with a 120 m path length. RCBs are a class of nondiffracting, accelerating, self-healing, and self-amplifying beams, and generated in the diffraction of a plane wave from amplitude/phase radial gratings having different spoke numbers. Observations were made at different times of the day. The intensity profile of an RCB becomes complicated when the number of grating spokes used to generate the beam is large, and includes high intensity spots, called main intensity spots (MISs), which are symmetrically placed at the central area around the beam axis and whose number is equal to (twice) the number of spokes of the amplitude (phase) grating used to generate the beam. With the aid of a telescope and a CCD camera, successive frames of the intensity pattern of the RCBs having different levels of structural complexity are recorded at the end of the path. For the data recorded at different times of the day, we calculate the variance of displacements of MISs along the radial direction. We observe that displacements of the MISs increase with increasing mean temperature of the air; on the other hand, as the complexity of the beam intensity pattern increases, the displacements of the MISs decrease. In order to compare the resilience of different RCBs and a well-known structured beam against atmospheric turbulence, we investigate deformation of the intensity profiles of a Laguerre–Gaussian (LG) beam having a topological charge 20 and different RCBs at the end of the path. It is shown that under the same turbulence condition, highly complex RCBs are more resilient to the destructive effects of the atmospheric turbulence. In particular, for the RCBs generated with gratings having 30 spokes and more, the number of MISs of the received intensity patterns is changed by less than 1% even when the turbulence strength is high. But for the LG beam, its intensity ring is clearly broken in different places, which makes it impossible to follow its maximum intensity in the radial direction