Bioavailability and acute toxicity of copper to rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) in the presence of organic acids simulating natural dissolved organic carbon

• Published in: Canadian journal of fisheries and aquatic sciences Vol. 56; no. 8; pp. 1471 - 1483
• Main Authors: Marr, J CA, Lipton, J, Cacela, D, Hansen, J A, Meyer, J S, Bergman, H L
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: Ottawa, Canada NRC Research Press 01.08.1999; National Research Council of Canada; Canadian Science Publishing NRC Research Press
• Subjects: Acids; Acute toxicity; Agnatha. Pisces; Animal, plant and microbial ecology; Applied ecology; Bioavailability; Biological and medical sciences; Carbon; Copper; Dissolved organic carbon; Ecotoxicology, biological effects of pollution; Effects of pollution and side effects of pesticides on vertebrates; Environmental aspects; Fish; Fundamental and applied biological sciences. Psychology; Oncorhynchus mykiss; Organic acids; Salmon; Toxicity; Toxicity testing; Trout; Water pollution; Salmonidae; Laboratory study; Bioassay; Ecotoxicology; Toxicity; Acute; Mortality; Organic ligand; Bioavailability; Oncorhynchus mykiss; Young animal; Heavy metal; Dose activity relation; Freshwater environment; Dissolved organic carbon; Vertebrata; Pisces; Water pollution; Copper
• ISSN: 0706-652X; 1205-7533
• DOI: 10.1139/f99-089

Copper bioavailability and toxicity to early life stage rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) were evaluated by laboratory toxicity testing performed using organic acid mixtures. Geochemical modeling was used to design exposure solutions that simulate dissolved organic carbon (DOC) of a natural aquatic system and to determine the fractions of total Cu present as inorganic species (e.g., Cu 2+ ) and as individual Cu-organic complexes. Failure time modeling indicated that mortality was best predicted by a combination of total inorganic Cu and distinct Cu-organic complexes. The Cu-organic complexes that contributed to toxicity are characterized as low-affinity Cu-ligands, and our results support the hypothesis that Cu toxicity in nature is a function of the binding characteristics of individual ligands. Estimates of time-independent median lethal concentration thresholds determined at widely varying equivalent concentrations of DOC (0-16 mg/L) were constant (7.9-8.6 µg Cu/L) when modeled using the sum of inorganic Cu and Cu bound to the two low-affinity ligands as predictors of toxicity. Our results indicate that Cu bound to organic complexes may be available to fish and that acute toxicity of Cu is determined by the binding affinities of specific DOC components relative to Cu-binding affinity of fish gill.