Using pastoral ideology to understand human–wildlife coexistence in arid agricultural landscapes

• Published in: Conservation science and practice Vol. 1; no. 5
• Main Authors: Laverty, Theresa M., Teel, Tara L., Thomas, Rebecca E. W., Gawusab, A. Archie, Berger, Joel
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: Chichester, UK John Wiley & Sons, Ltd 01.05.2019; John Wiley & Sons, Inc
• Subjects: Agricultural land; Agricultural management; Arid environments; Aridity; Attitudes; Behavior; Coexistence; Deserts; Ecological conditions; Ecological monitoring; Ecosystems; human–wildlife interactions; Livestock; Modernization; Mutualism; Namibia; Predators; Qualitative analysis; Qualitative research; Social-ecological systems; tolerance; Wildlife conservation; Wildlife management; wildlife value orientations; Namibia; Namib Desert
• ISSN: 2578-4854; 2578-4854
• DOI: 10.1111/csp2.35

Integrating social and ecological knowledge is requisite for solutions to global conservation problems, including human–wildlife conflict, but gathering sufficient data to facilitate integration has proved difficult. Social–ecological systems models have also traditionally overlooked individual human thought and behavior that can affect the success of management interventions. In response to these challenges, we drew upon psychological theory and long‐term ecological data on wildlife populations and conflict occurrence to inform qualitative research on pastoralists' values toward wildlife in the northern Namib Desert. We explored how values and ecological conditions shaped individuals': (a) interactions with and tolerance of species; and (b) perceptions of challenges and potential solutions to living with wildlife. Semi‐structured interview data revealed a prevailing domination value orientation toward wildlife, reflected in concerns for human and livestock wellbeing. Despite these concerns and high rates of reported conflicts, pastoralists were generally tolerant of wildlife, including predators, and indicated this in their proposed management solutions. In addition to its practical implications for informing human–wildlife coexistence strategies in the Namibian context, our approach advances knowledge about wildlife values globally, offers insights on the utility of qualitative assessments for cross‐cultural social–ecological systems research, and furthers understanding of conservation challenges and opportunities in extreme arid environments.