Revisiting the Role of Balloon Atrial Septostomy Prior to the Arterial Switch Operation

• Published in: World journal for pediatric & congenital heart surgery Vol. 15; no. 6; pp. 746 - 752
• Main Authors: Subramanian, Sujata, Jani, Sagar, Well, Andrew, Mikulski, Matthew F., Agrawal, Hitesh, Byron Holt, D, Venardos, Neil, Mery, Carlos M., Fraser, Charles D.
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: Los Angeles, CA SAGE Publications 01.11.2024
• Subjects: Arterial Switch Operation - methods; Atrial Septum - surgery; Female; Humans; Infant; Infant, Newborn; Male; Oximetry; Retrospective Studies; Transposition of Great Vessels - surgery; Treatment Outcome; congenital heart disease; arterial switch operation; morbidity; congenital heart surgery; outcomes (includes mortality
• ISSN: 2150-1351; 2150-136X
• DOI: 10.1177/21501351241252428

Objectives Patients with dextro-transposition of the great arteries (d-TGA) frequently undergo balloon atrial septostomy (BAS) prior to the arterial switch operation (ASO) to promote atrial-level mixing. Balloon atrial septostomy has inherent risks as an invasive procedure and may not always be necessary. This study revisits the routine utilization of BAS prior to ASO. Methods Single-center, retrospective review of d-TGA patients undergoing the ASO from July 2018 to March 2023. Preoperative patient characteristics, pulse oximetry oxygen saturations (SpO2), cerebral/renal near-infrared spectroscopy (NIRS) readings along with prostaglandin status at the time of the ASO were analyzed with descriptive and univariate statistics. Results Thirty patients underwent the ASO. Of these, 7 (23%) were female, 25 (83%) were white, and median weight at ASO was 3.2 kg (range 0.8-4.2). Twenty-two (73%) patients underwent BAS. There were no demographic differences between BAS and no-BAS patients. Of those who underwent BAS, there was a significant increase in SpO2 (median 83% [range 54-92] to median 87% [range 72-95], P = .007); however, there was no change in NIRS from pre-to-post BAS. Six (27%) patients in the BAS group were prostaglandin-free at ASO. Balloon atrial septostomy patients underwent the ASO later compared with no-BAS patients (median 8 [range 3-32] vs 4 [range 2-10] days old, P = .016) and had a longer hospital length of stay (median 13 [range 7-43] vs 10 [range 8-131] days, P = .108). Conclusions While BAS is an accepted preoperative procedure in d-TGA patients to improve oxygen saturations, it is also an additional invasive procedure, does not guarantee prostaglandin-free status at the time of ASO, and may increase the interval to ASO. Birth to direct early ASO, with prostaglandin support, should be revisited as an alternative, potentially more expeditious strategy.