Application of extended Kalman filter for improving the accuracy and smoothness of Kinect skeleton-joint estimates

• Published in: Journal of engineering mathematics Vol. 88; no. 1; pp. 161 - 175
• Main Authors: Shu, Jody, Hamano, Fumio, Angus, John
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: Dordrecht Springer Netherlands 01.10.2014
• Subjects: Applications of Mathematics; Computational Mathematics and Numerical Analysis; Mathematical and Computational Engineering; Mathematical Modeling and Industrial Mathematics; Mathematics; Mathematics and Statistics; Theoretical and Applied Mechanics; Pattern recognition; Sensors; Machine vision; Sound-enhanced tracking
• ISSN: 0022-0833; 1573-2703
• DOI: 10.1007/s10665-014-9689-2

The Kinect sensor is a powerful tool for applications that require machine vision and voice recognition. The sensor has the capability to detect and track up to two individuals within its field of view and output 20 key 3D “skeleton” joints on these individuals at 30 frames per second. Moreover, the sensor also has a sound-localizing array of microphones that is used to compute the azimuth of any primary sound source within its range. While this skeleton data have good accuracy most of the time, the 20 tracking points exhibit a high level of jitter due to noise and estimation error, and when a subject moves slightly out of the field of view of the sensor for a short period of time, there is no built-in capability to continue the tracking by extrapolating the positions of these points. In addition, the sensor does not take advantage of the sound source angle when the subject being tracked is speaking. In this work, tracking with the sensor is improved by applying an extended Kalman filter. This filter smooths out the jitter, adds the capability to continue tracking for a short period of time when the subject moves out of range of the sensor, and improves the accuracy of the tracking by incorporating the information contained in the sound source angle from the sensor. The efficacy of the filter is demonstrated by applying it to the skeleton head joint, a tracking point near the center of the subject’s head.