An adaptive multi-resolution SPH approach for three-dimensional free-surface flow with fluid impacting

• Published in: Engineering analysis with boundary elements Vol. 155; pp. 642 - 651
• Main Authors: Chen, Ding, Huang, Wenxiong, Huang, Dan, Liang, Chao
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: Elsevier Ltd 01.10.2023
• Subjects: Adaptive particle refinement; Fluid impacting; Free-surface flow; Multi-resolution; Smoothed particle hydrodynamics; Adaptive particle refinement; Smoothed particle hydrodynamics; Multi-resolution; Fluid impacting; Free-surface flow
• ISSN: 0955-7997; 1873-197X
• DOI: 10.1016/j.enganabound.2023.07.013

•Auxiliary kernels improving accuracy due to non-uniform particle distribution.•SPH governing equations with variable kernel lengths to alleviate numerical instability.•A novel adaptive particle refinement with the concept of continuously-variable characteristic length.•Capturing properly the complex three-dimensional free-surface flow with middle and low Weber numbers. This paper presents a new adaptive multi-resolution smoothed particle hydrodynamics (SPH) approach for simulating three-dimensional free surface flows with fluid impacting. The governing equations for multi-resolution SPH are derived based on the finite particle method (FPM) particle interpolation, which is an alternative SPH formulation for improving interpolation accuracy in the non-uniform particle distribution. A variable kernel length related to the volume of neighbor particles is proposed to control the numerical instability due to the multi-resolution scheme. In adaptive particle refinement (APR), a concept named as continuously-variable characteristic length (CCL) for each particle is defined to determine the splitting or merging scheme and then build a smoothing non-uniform particle distribution. Three-dimensional examples are conducted to validate the presented new APR approach, and the capability and numerical efficiency of the proposed numerical model are verified through solving free-surface flow problems with middle and low Weber numbers. After validation, a refined simulation of droplet impacting is conducted using the proposed adaptive multi-resolution SPH approach. The results show that the proposed SPH could well adapt to the large deformation of three-dimensional free-surface flow, and only provide a refinement near the free-surface domain.