Tin oxide thick film by doping rare earth for detecting traces of CO2: Operating in oxygen-free atmosphere

• Published in: Materials research bulletin Vol. 52; pp. 56 - 64
• Main Authors: Xiong, Ya, Zhang, Guozhu, Zhang, Shunping, Zeng, Dawen, Xie, Changsheng
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: Elsevier Ltd 01.04.2014
• Subjects: A. Nanostructures; A. Oxides; B. Chemical synthesis; D. Defects; D. Semiconductivity; B. Chemical synthesis; A. Nanostructures; A. Oxides; D. Defects; D. Semiconductivity
• ISSN: 0025-5408; 1873-4227
• DOI: 10.1016/j.materresbull.2013.12.057

•La, Gd, and Lu doped SnO2 with their sensing properties toward CO2 were compared.•The microstructures of SnO2-based nanoparticles were elaborately characterized.•La-SnO2 thick film shows superior response toward trace ppm CO2.•Our sensing material can be recommended to employ in oxygen-free environment. SnO2 thick films doped with atomic ratios ranging from 0 up to 8at.% La, 8at.% Gd, 8at.% Lu were fabricated, respectively, via hydrothermal and impregnation methods. The crystal phase, morphology, and chemical composition of the SnO2-based nanoparticles were characterized by XRD, FE-SEM, EDX, HRTEM and XPS. Sensing properties of La-SnO2, Gd-SnO2, Lu-SnO2 films, as well as the pure SnO2 film, were analyzed toward CO2 in the absence of O2. It was found that the optimal doping element was La and the best doping ratio was 4at.%. The maximum response appeared at an operating temperature of 250°C, on which condition the 4at.% La-SnO2 exhibited a remarkable improvement of response from 5.12 to 29.8 when increasing CO2 concentration from 50 to 500ppm. Furthermore, the working mechanism underlying such enhancement in CO2-sensing functions by La additive in the absence of O2 was proposed and discussed.