Mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis in Wild Boar ( Sus scrofa ) in Portugal

Paratuberculosis, or Johne's disease, caused by subsp. (MAP), is a chronic granulomatous enteritis affecting both domestic and wild ruminants. The agent was also found in wild mammals such as wild boar ( ); however, the role of wild mammals in the epidemiology of MAP is unclear. During the rese...

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Published inPathogens (Basel) Vol. 13; no. 5; p. 389
Main Authors Matos, Ana Cristina, Figueira, Luis, Martins, Maria Helena, Cardoso, Luís, Matos, Manuela, Pinto, Maria de Lurdes, Coelho, Ana Cláudia
Format Journal Article
LanguageEnglish
Published Switzerland MDPI AG 08.05.2024
Subjects
Acids
Animals
Bacteria
Culture
Deer
Enteritis
Epidemiology
Glycerol
Infections
Infectious diseases
Lymphatic system
Mammals
Milk
Mycobacterium avium
Mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis
Paratuberculosis
Pathogens
Polymerase chain reaction
Predation
Risk factors
Small intestine
Sus scrofa
wild boar
Zoonoses
Italy
Portugal
Germany
epidemiology
wild boar
Mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis
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Summary:Paratuberculosis, or Johne's disease, caused by subsp. (MAP), is a chronic granulomatous enteritis affecting both domestic and wild ruminants. The agent was also found in wild mammals such as wild boar ( ); however, the role of wild mammals in the epidemiology of MAP is unclear. During the research period, 941 free-ranging wild boar ( ) legally hunted in two locations in the central-eastern region of Portugal were examined. Ninety-seven wild boars exhibited one or more gross lesions and were tested for the presence of subsp. using acid-fast staining, mycobacterial culture, polymerase chain reaction (PCR), and histopathological examination. Forty-five animals (46.4%, 95% CI: 36.5-56.3%) were identified as infected, as indicated by positive results in culture and/or PCR. The findings revealed that the most significant risk factor was being a juvenile compared to yearlings and adults (OR = 10.2, 95% CI: 2.2-48.0). Based on our results, 37.9% ( = 11) of the infected animals were considered suitable for human consumption. Our findings offer novel insights into mycobacterial infections in wild boar populations in Portugal and suggest that wild boar could be a source of human infection if zoonotic potential is considered.
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ISSN:2076-0817
2076-0817
DOI:10.3390/pathogens13050389