Naturalistic Audio-Movies reveal common spatial organization across “visual” cortices of different blind individuals

• Published in: Cerebral cortex (New York, N.Y. 1991) Vol. 33; no. 1; pp. 1 - 10
• Main Authors: Musz, Elizabeth, Loiotile, Rita, Chen, Janice, Bedny, Marina
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: United States Oxford University Press 15.12.2022
• Subjects: Auditory Perception; Blindness; Humans; Language; Magnetic Resonance Imaging; Motion Pictures; Original; Visual Cortex - diagnostic imaging; naturalistic stimuli; plasticity; blindness; visual cortex; synchrony
• ISSN: 1047-3211; 1460-2199; 1460-2199
• DOI: 10.1093/cercor/bhac048

Occipital cortices of different sighted people contain analogous maps of visual information (e.g. foveal vs. peripheral). In congenital blindness, “visual” cortices respond to nonvisual stimuli. Do visual cortices of different blind people represent common informational maps? We leverage naturalistic stimuli and inter-subject pattern similarity analysis to address this question. Blindfolded sighted (n = 22) and congenitally blind (n = 22) participants listened to 6 sound clips (5–7 min each): 3 auditory excerpts from movies; a naturalistic spoken narrative; and matched degraded auditory stimuli (Backwards Speech, scrambled sentences), during functional magnetic resonance imaging scanning. We compared the spatial activity patterns evoked by each unique 10-s segment of the different auditory excerpts across blind and sighted people. Segments of meaningful naturalistic stimuli produced distinctive activity patterns in frontotemporal networks that were shared across blind and across sighted individuals. In the blind group only, segment-specific, cross-subject patterns emerged in visual cortex, but only for meaningful naturalistic stimuli and not Backwards Speech. Spatial patterns of activity within visual cortices are sensitive to time-varying information in meaningful naturalistic auditory stimuli in a broadly similar manner across blind individuals.