Prosodic Cues for Broad, Narrow, and Corrective Focus in Persian

• Published in: Language and speech Vol. 68; no. 3; pp. 566 - 591
• Main Authors: Taheri-Ardali, Mortaza, Roessig, Simon, Pagel, Lena, Mücke, Doris
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: London, England SAGE Publications 01.09.2025; Sage Publications Ltd
• Subjects: Accentuation; Adult; Cues; Female; Focus; Fundamental frequency; Humans; Male; Persia; Persian language; Phonetic analysis; Phonetics; Pitch; Prosody; Sound intensity; Sound Spectrography; Speech Acoustics; Speech Perception; Speech Production Measurement; Syllables; Time Factors; Voice Quality; Young Adult; Persia; duration; intensity; Persian; Prosodic focus; F0
• ISSN: 0023-8309; 1756-6053; 1756-6053
• DOI: 10.1177/00238309241311924

Previous studies have demonstrated that focus significantly alters sentential prosody in Persian. However, research on the phonetic realization of non-corrective narrow focus is scarce compared to that on broad and corrective focus. This paper presents a systematic production study investigating whether Persian speakers distinguish between three focus structures on target words that bear a pitch accent, that is, broad, narrow, and corrective focus. In a multidimensional phonetic analysis, we investigated the parameters of intensity, duration, and F0. Taking a local perspective, results show that the duration of the target word is a robust cue for focus marking in both syllables of the word, exhibiting a three-step pattern (corrective > narrow > broad). In the first syllable, intensity is a reliable cue to distinguish broad focus from the other two focus types, with higher intensities in broad focus. In the accented syllable, a different two-step pattern is observed, with narrow and corrective focus showing larger F0 spans than broad focus. Taking a global perspective that considers the parts of the utterance before and after the target word, we find a lowering of F0 and decreased intensity for narrow and corrective focus in the pre-target region. In the post-target region, we find strong evidence for differences in mean F0 and intensity with lower F0 in corrective focus than in broad and narrow focus, while the intensity is lower in narrow and corrective focus than in broad focus. Our analysis deepens our understanding of Persian prosody.