Effects of musical mnemonics on working memory performance in cognitively unimpaired older adults and persons with amnestic mild cognitive impairment

• Published in: Journal of neuropsychology Vol. 18; no. 2; pp. 286 - 299
• Main Authors: Derks‐Dijkman, Marije W., Schaefer, Rebecca S., Baan‐Wessels, Lisa, Tilborg, Ilse A. D. A., Kessels, Roy P. C.
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: England 01.06.2024
• Subjects: Aged; Aged, 80 and over; ageing; Aging - physiology; Aging - psychology; Amnesia - complications; Amnesia - psychology; Cognitive Dysfunction - psychology; Female; Humans; Male; Memory, Episodic; Memory, Short-Term - physiology; Middle Aged; mild cognitive impairment; Music; musical expertise; musical mnemonics; Neuropsychological Tests; working memory; musical expertise; ageing; mild cognitive impairment; musical mnemonics; working memory
• ISSN: 1748-6645; 1748-6653
• DOI: 10.1111/jnp.12342

Episodic memory (EM) and working memory (WM) are negatively affected by healthy ageing, and additional memory impairment typically occurs in clinical ageing‐related conditions such as amnestic mild cognitive impairment (aMCI). Recent studies on musical mnemonics in Alzheimer's dementia (AD) showed promising results on EM performance. However, the effects of musical mnemonics on WM performance have not yet been studied in (a)MCI or AD. Particularly in (a)MCI the use of musical mnemonics may benefit the optimisation of (working) memory performance. Therefore, in the present study, we examined the effects of musical presentation of digits consisting of pre‐recorded rhythms, sung unfamiliar pitch sequences, and their combinations, as compared to spoken presentation. Furthermore, musical expertise was assessed with two perceptual tests and the Self‐Report Inventory of the Goldsmiths Musical Sophistication Index. Thirty‐two persons with aMCI and 32 cognitively unimpaired older adults (OA) participated in this study. Confirming and extending previous findings in research on ageing, our results show a facilitating effect of rhythm in both cognitively unimpaired OA and persons with aMCI (p = .001, ηp2 = .158). Furthermore, pitch (p = .048, ηp2 = .062) and melody (p = .012, ηp2 = .098) negatively affected performance in both groups. Musical expertise increased this beneficial effect of musical mnemonics (p = .021, ηp2 = .090). Implications for the future design of music‐based memorisation strategies in (a)MCI are discussed.