The Expression of Cytokines and Chemokines Potentially Distinguishes Mild and Severe Psoriatic Non-Lesional and Resolved Skin from Healthy Skin and Indicates Different Stages of Inflammation

• Published in: International journal of molecular sciences Vol. 25; no. 20; p. 11292
• Main Authors: Bozó, Renáta, Flink, Lili Borbála, Ambrus, Barbara, Ghaffarinia, Ameneh, Koncz, Balázs, Kui, Róbert, Gyulai, Rolland, Kemény, Lajos, Bata-Csörgő, Zsuzsanna
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: Switzerland MDPI AG 20.10.2024; MDPI
• Subjects: Adult; Cell cycle; Chemokines; Chemokines - genetics; Chemokines - metabolism; Comparative analysis; Cytokines; Cytokines - metabolism; Dendritic cells; Epigenetic inheritance; Female; Humans; Inflammation; Inflammation - metabolism; Male; Methyl-CpG-Binding Protein 2 - genetics; Methyl-CpG-Binding Protein 2 - metabolism; Middle Aged; Neutrophils; Optical instruments industry; Pathogenesis; Patients; Protease inhibitors; Proteases; Protein binding; Proteins; Psoriasis; Psoriasis - metabolism; Psoriasis - pathology; Severity of Illness Index; Skin; Skin - metabolism; Skin - pathology; Skin diseases; Hungary; Germany; Missouri; psoriasis severity; cytokines; resolved skin; non-lesional skin; chemokines; psoriasis
• ISSN: 1422-0067; 1661-6596; 1422-0067
• DOI: 10.3390/ijms252011292

In the psoriatic non-lesional (PS-NL) skin, the tissue environment potentially influences the development and recurrence of lesions. Therefore, we aimed to investigate mechanisms involved in regulating tissue organization in PS-NL skin. Cytokine, chemokine, protease, and protease inhibitor levels were compared between PS-NL skin of patients with mild and severe symptoms and healthy skin. By comparing mild and severe PS-NL vs. healthy skin, differentially expressed cytokines and chemokines suggested alterations in hemostasis-related processes, while protease inhibitors showed no psoriasis severity-related changes. Comparing severe and mild PS-NL skin revealed disease severity-related changes in the expression of proteases, cytokines, and chemokines primarily involving methyl-CpG binding protein 2 (MECP2) and extracellular matrix organization-related mechanisms. Cytokine and chemokine expression in clinically resolved versus healthy skin showed slight interleukin activity, differing from patterns in mild and severe PS-NL skin. Immunofluorescence analysis revealed the severity-dependent nuclear expression pattern of MECP2 and decreased expression of 5-methylcytosine and 5-hydroxymethylcytosine in the PS-NL vs. healthy skin, and in resolved vs. healthy skin. Our results suggest distinct cytokine-chemokine signaling between the resolved and PS-NL skin of untreated patients with varying severities. These results highlight an altered inflammatory response, epigenetic regulation, and tissue organization in different types of PS-NL skin with possibly distinct, severity-dependent para-inflammatory states.