A novel audio watermarking scheme based on fuzzy inference system in DCT domain

• Published in: Multimedia tools and applications Vol. 80; no. 13; pp. 20423 - 20447
• Main Authors: Mosleh, Mahdi, Setayeshi, Saeed, Barekatain, Behrang, Mosleh, Mohammad
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: New York Springer US 01.05.2021; Springer Nature B.V
• Subjects: Algorithms; Audio data; Communication; Communications networks; Computer Communication Networks; Computer engineering; Computer Science; Data Structures and Information Theory; Decomposition; Digital rights management; Digital signal processing; Digital watermarking; Digital watermarks; Discrete cosine transform; Domains; Embedding; Fibonacci numbers; Inference; Multimedia; Multimedia Information Systems; Music; Network security; Robustness (mathematics); Segments; Sequences; Signal processing; Singular value decomposition; Special Purpose and Application-Based Systems; Wavelet transforms; Copyright protection; Audio watermarking; Fuzzy inference system; High capacity; Singular value decomposition
• ISSN: 1380-7501; 1573-7721
• DOI: 10.1007/s11042-021-10686-6

Digital watermarking technology provides an effective potential solution to copyright protection and authentication of digital media. In this article, a new design of audio watermarking is introduced which is able to make compromise between transparency, robustness, and capacity by means of the synergy between fuzzy inference system, Singular Value Decomposition (SVD), and Fibonacci’s sequence in Discrete Cosine Transform (DCT). In the embedding phase, the proposed method, first of all, finds proper segments for inserting watermark data by helping fuzzy inference system with energy, zero-crossing rate (ZCR), and music edge features. Then, the watermark bits are embedded in the suitable segments based on collaboration of SVD technique and Fibonacci sequence in DCT domain. The proposed watermark extraction is performed in blind manner. The results on five Blues, Electronic, Classic, Jazz and Rock audio files show that the proposed method has high transparency (in average SNR = 49.80 dB) with payload of 598.34 bps. Moreover, robustness tests against Stirmark attacks show that the average of error rate is 1.3644, which means the proposed scheme has high stability in the digital signal processing attacks.