Occurrence of Organochlorine Pesticides (OCPs) Residues in Farmed and Wild Fish in Bangladesh and Implications for Human Health

• Published in: Exposure and health Vol. 15; no. 2; pp. 425 - 437
• Main Authors: Habibullah-Al-Mamun, Md, Tanima, Sanjida Akter, Paul, Bijoya, Al Zahid, Md, Kabir, Md. Humayun, Ahmed, Shamim, Mandal, Shankar Chandra, Hossain, Anwar
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: Dordrecht Springer Netherlands 01.06.2023; Springer Nature B.V
• Subjects: Aquaculture; Aquatic Pollution; Bioaccumulation; Catfish; Contaminants; DDD; DDE; Earth and Environmental Science; Endosulfan; Endrin; Environment; Environmental Health; Fish; Fish production; Fisheries; Fishing; Guidelines; Health risk assessment; Health risks; Heptachlor; Heptachlor epoxide; Heteropneustes fossilis; Labeo calbasu; Low level; Methoxychlor; Nitrous oxide; Organic compounds; Organochlorine compounds; Organochlorine pesticides; Original Paper; Pesticide residues; Pesticides; Pollution; Regulations; Regulatory agencies; Residues; Risk levels; Waste Water Technology; Water and Health; Water Management; Water Pollution Control; Water Quality/Water Pollution; Bangladesh; Farmed and wild source; Fish; Bangladesh; Organochlorine pesticides; Health risk
• ISSN: 2451-9766; 2451-9685
• DOI: 10.1007/s12403-022-00501-4

The present study was designed to determine the level of organochlorine pesticides (OCPs), including endrin, heptachlor epoxide, heptachlor, methoxychlor, endosulfan, p,p'-DDT, p,p'-DDE and p,p'-DDD, in four fish species from two different sources (wild and farmed) in Bangladesh. Eight different OCP residues were investigated, of which seven were detected in all the fish samples. The OCP concentrations varied widely within each species, ranging from below the limit of detection to 162 ng/g-ww in wild Heteropneustes fossilis . Among the contaminants, endosulfan was the most abundant OCP. It ranged from 3.94 to 98.4 ng/g-ww. The overall mean level of ΣOCPs in wild fish were significantly higher than the farmed fish ( p  < 0.05). The highest estimated daily intake (EDI) value was for endosulfan (102.66 ng/g-bw/day), observed in wild Labeo calbasu , whereas the lowest was for p,p' -DDD (0.02 ng/g-bw/day), observed in wild Anabas testudineus . Noncancerous risk estimates revealed that hazard index (HI) values for all fishes except wild L . calbasu were less than 1, which is below the level of concern. HI for wild L . calbasu was 1.1, which indicates a low level of risk for human consumption. Incremental lifetime cancer risk (ILCR) was also calculated; most of the OCP residues had ILCR values below 10 −6 for both wild and farmed species except for p,p' -DDE in wild H. fossilis , which had an ILCR value of 4.0 × 10 –5 . In Bangladesh, no regulations for OCP use or guidelines for maximum admissible concentration are in place. Thus, the findings of the present study will be a baseline for regulatory authorities for developing and implementing regulations and guidelines.