Common-sense temporal ontology: an experimental study

• Published in: Synthese (Dordrecht) Vol. 202; no. 6; p. 193
• Main Authors: Graziani, Ernesto, Orilia, Francesco, Capitani, Elena, Burro, Roberto
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: Dordrecht Springer Netherlands 30.11.2023; Springer Nature B.V
• Subjects: Education; Epistemology; Experts versus novices; Logic; Metaphysics; Ontology; Original Research; Philosophy; Philosophy of Language; Philosophy of Science; Time; Time; Experimental philosophy; Growing block theory; Presentism; Common sense; Eternalism
• ISSN: 1573-0964; 0039-7857; 1573-0964
• DOI: 10.1007/s11229-023-04323-y

Temporal ontology is the philosophical debate on the existence of the past and the future. It features a three-way confrontation between supporters of presentism (the present exists, the past and the future do not), pastism (the past and the present exist, the future does not), and eternalism (the past, the present, and the future all exist). Most philosophers engaged in this debate believe that presentism is much more in agreement with common sense than the rival views; moreover, most of them believe that being in agreement with common sense is epistemically valuable for a philosophical view. We studied experimentally non-experts’ ideas pertaining to the domain of temporal ontology, i.e., as we called it, common-sense temporal ontology , focusing on the Italian population. We found that a non-overwhelming majority of participants (~64%) favoured presentism, while two significant minorities favoured pastism (~19%) and eternalism (~17%). We think that our findings provide some support, albeit weaker than expected, for the view that presentism is more in agreement with common sense than the rival positions.