Appressorial interactions with host and their evolution

Fungi have evolved diverse strategies to acquire nutrients as endophytes, saprobes, symbionts, or pathogens. Appressoria have been intensively studied due to their importance in attaching and breaching the host surface. These specialized infection structures have evolved into various morpho-types: p...

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Published inFungal diversity Vol. 110; no. 1; pp. 75 - 107
Main Authors Chethana, K. W. Thilini, Jayawardena, Ruvishika S., Chen, Yi-Jyun, Konta, Sirinapa, Tibpromma, Saowaluck, Phukhamsakda, Chayanard, Abeywickrama, Pranami D., Samarakoon, Milan C., Senwanna, Chanokned, Mapook, Ausana, Tang, Xia, Gomdola, Deecksha, Marasinghe, Diana S., Padaruth, Oundhyalah D., Balasuriya, Abhaya, Xu, Jianping, Lumyong, Saisamorn, Hyde, Kevin D.
Format Journal Article
LanguageEnglish
Published Dordrecht Springer Netherlands 01.09.2021
Springer Nature B.V
Subjects
Adaptive radiation
Appressoria
Biodiversity
Biomedical and Life Sciences
Endophytes
Evolution
Fungi
Life Sciences
Medical Microbiology
Mesozoic
Microbial Ecology
Microbiology
Mycology
Nucleotide sequence
Nutrients
Plant Physiology
Review
Symbionts
Ancestral characters
Host-recognition
Hyaline appressoria
Melanized appressoria
Infection process
Evolution
Proto-appressoria
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Summary:Fungi have evolved diverse strategies to acquire nutrients as endophytes, saprobes, symbionts, or pathogens. Appressoria have been intensively studied due to their importance in attaching and breaching the host surface. These specialized infection structures have evolved into various morpho-types: proto-appressoria, hyaline appressoria, melanized (dark) appressoria, and compound appressoria. In this review, we discuss the differences in the formation, differentiation, and function of appressoria among fungi with diverse life strategies. Using DNA sequence information, LSU, 5.8S, SSU and rpb2 gene fragments, we reconstructed the ancestral states for appressorial types in the main phyla of fungi and fungus-like organisms and found that the hyaline appressoria was the most ancestral form. Our analysis estimated proto-appressoria diversification during the Mesozoic period (92–239 million years ago), however, its origin remains inconclusive. Our data suggest that these hyaline appressoria diversified into melanized or compound appressoria, with evidence of adaptive radiation.
ISSN:1560-2745
1878-9129
DOI:10.1007/s13225-021-00487-5